Undermind Research Topic: I would like to locate research articles on the evolutionary purpose of romantic love in humans. They should focus on how it contributes to parental investment and long-term cooperation for the survival and development of offspring.

Research topic

I would like to locate research articles on the evolutionary purpose of romantic love in humans. They should focus on how it contributes to parental investment and long-term cooperation for the survival and development of offspring.

Report

The literature search identified key research articles that explore the evolutionary purpose of romantic love in humans, focusing on how it contributes to parental investment and long-term cooperation for the survival and development of offspring, citing studies that emphasize romantic love as an evolved mechanism enhancing biparental care and social cooperation [1, 2, 3, 5].

Details:

Pair-Bonding and Parental Investment: Multiple papers highlight the evolutionary role of romantic love in forming stable pair-bonds that play a crucial role in rearing children. Fletcher et al. [1] argue that romantic love facilitates massive parental investment required for child-rearing, thus promoting better health and survival of offspring by suppressing mate-search behavior and fostering cooperation. Alonso [2] demonstrates that monogamous relationships rooted in romantic love lead to extensive and intensive parental care, emphasizing the sexual fidelity that supports parental investment.
Reproductive Success: Sorokowski et al. [3] found that romantic love, specifically aspects like commitment and passion, correlates positively with reproductive success among traditional societies, suggesting evolutionary selection for love due to its benefits in partner commitment and parental cooperation.
Attachment and Cooperation: Eastwick and Finkel [5] examine how the attachment system evolved to bond mates, especially to enhance paternal investment by mitigating intersexual conflict adaptations from earlier hominid species. They found strong attachment bonds correlated with improved cooperation between partners, essential for effective biparental care.
Neurobiological Mechanisms: Fisher [4, 17] provides a perspective on the neurophysiology underlying romantic love, presenting it as an evolved system to sustain pair bonds through chemical mechanisms facilitating attachment, which is critical for the survival of altricial offspring.

Conclusion: The research supports the notion that romantic love has evolved as an adaptive trait to enhance parental investment and long-term cooperation between mates, crucial for the survival and development of offspring. This is achieved through mechanisms that foster emotional attachment, discourage mate-search behavior, and promote effective biparental care.

References

Last 5 years

Last 2 years

> 1 citation per year

> 5 citations per year

Topic Match

Cit./Year

Year

Paper

Paper Relevance Summary

100.0%

30.2

2015

[1] Pair-Bonding, Romantic Love, and Evolution G. Fletcher, ..., and N. Overall Perspectives on Psychological Science 2015 - 301 citations - Show abstract - Cite 100.0% topic match

Addresses: The role of pair-bonding and romantic love in human evolution. Details: Explains how romantic love aids in the massive investment required to rear children and enhance social cooperation. Relevance Note: Examines both the evolutionary necessity of romantic love and challenges like arranged marriage, polygyny, and infidelity.

100.0%

0.1

2017

[2] The Myth of the Philandering Man and the Crafty Woman D. Alonso https://doi.org/10.19080/PBSIJ.2017.04.555637 2017 - 1 citations - Show abstract - Cite 100.0% topic match

Shows the link between monogamous pair bonds and parental care. Concludes that human monogamous relationships largely result from romantic love, enhancing intensive and extensive care for offspring. Supports the notion that sexual fidelity in romantic love contributes to effective long-term parental investment, critical for the survival and development of children.

100.0%

5.5

2017

[3] Love Influences Reproductive Success in Humans P. Sorokowski, ..., and B. Pawłowski Frontiers in Psychology 2017 - 39 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 100.0% topic match

Shows a link between love and reproductive success Explores the Sternberg Triangular Theory of Love in relation to reproductive success among the Hadza hunter-gatherer society Highlights that passion and commitment may enhance fitness, suggesting evolutionary selection for love; supports ongoing traditional partner choice

100.0%

0.7

1994

[4] The nature of romantic love. Helen E. Fisher Journal Not Provided 1994 - 22 citations - Show abstract - Cite 100.0% topic match

Provides evolutionary context for romantic love and its adaptive advantages. Details how romantic love evolved to initiate and sustain pair bonds during critical child-rearing periods. Focuses on the neurophysiology and patterns of serial monogamy, implying relevance to parental investment and long-term cooperation.

99.9%

2.6

2012

[5] The Evolutionary Armistice Paul W. Eastwick and E. Finkel Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2012 - 34 citations - Show abstract - Cite 99.9% topic match

Provides evidence on the evolutionary modification of the attachment-behavioral system. Shows how bond strength affects paternal investment by mitigating intersexual conflict adaptations in early Homo species. Highlights attachment bonds enhancing romantic physical intimacy, influencing parental cooperation beyond other relational factors.

99.8%

5.4

2008

[6] Human pair‐bonds: Evolutionary functions, ecological variation, and adaptive development R. Quinlan Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues 2008 - 88 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 99.8% topic match

Discusses the evolutionary functions of human pair-bonds. Explores the roles of mating competition and paternal provisioning. Highlights how environmental cues and childhood experiences influence pair-bond development.

98.6%

0.8

2023

[7] Romantic love evolved by co-opting mother-infant bonding Adam Bode Frontiers in Psychology 2023 - 1 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 98.6% topic match

Challenges Fisher's theory by proposing romantic love evolved from mother-infant bonding. Suggests romantic love co-opted systems originally for bonding between mothers and infants in recent human evolution. Integrates psychological, neurobiological, and endocrinological studies, but focuses more on evolutionary roots than direct parental investment and long-term cooperation.

98.1%

2.7

2007

[8] Commitment and evolution : connecting emotion and reason in long-term relationships I. Back Journal Not Provided 2007 - 49 citations - Show abstract - Cite 98.1% topic match

Provides: Evolutionary and mathematical models of relationship-building for long-term commitment. Details: Explores why emotions diverge from rationality in maintaining relationships using evolutionary theory and computer simulations. Relevance: Examines human emotions and rationality in long-term relationships, which are key for understanding parental investment and cooperation.

97.9%

8.7

2019

[9] Are We Monogamous? A Review of the Evolution of Pair-Bonding in Humans and Its Contemporary Variation Cross-Culturally Ryan Schacht and K. Kramer Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 2019 - 47 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 97.9% topic match

Shows ubiquity of pair-bonding in human mating relationships. Explains how pair-bonding is expressed across cultures, including monogamy, polygyny, and polyandry. Touches on factors like relationship stability and paternal investment, partially relevant to enhanced parental investment and cooperation.

95.6%

5.1

2021

[10] Proximate and Ultimate Perspectives on Romantic Love Adam Bode and Geoff Kushnick Frontiers in Psychology 2021 - 19 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF Abstract: Romantic love is a phenomenon of immense interest to the general public as well as to scholars in several disciplines. It is known to be present in almost all human societies and has been studied from a number of perspectives. In this integrative review, we bring together what is known about romantic love using Tinbergen’s “four questions” framework originating from evolutionary biology. Under the first question, related to mechanisms, we show that it is caused by social, psychological mate choice, genetic, neural, and endocrine mechanisms. The mechanisms regulating psychopathology, cognitive biases, and animal models provide further insights into the mechanisms that regulate romantic love. Under the second question, related to development, we show that romantic love exists across the human lifespan in both sexes. We summarize what is known about its development and the internal and external factors that influence it. We consider cross-cultural perspectives and raise the issue of evolutionary mismatch. Under the third question, related to function, we discuss the fitness-relevant benefits and costs of romantic love with reference to mate choice, courtship, sex, and pair-bonding. We outline three possible selective pressures and contend that romantic love is a suite of adaptions and by-products. Under the fourth question, related to phylogeny, we summarize theories of romantic love’s evolutionary history and show that romantic love probably evolved in concert with pair-bonds in our recent ancestors. We describe the mammalian antecedents to romantic love and the contribution of genes and culture to the expression of modern romantic love. We advance four potential scenarios for the evolution of romantic love. We conclude by summarizing what Tinbergen’s four questions tell us, highlighting outstanding questions as avenues of potential future research, and suggesting a novel ethologically informed working definition to accommodate the multi-faceted understanding of romantic love advanced in this review. 95.6% topic match

Provides an evolutionary perspective on romantic love. Reviews theories of romantic love’s evolutionary history and its links to pair-bonding in ancestors. Discusses mammalian antecedents and genetic and cultural contributions to romantic love.

94.5%

0.3

2015

[11] Love and Commitment in Romantic Relationships L. Campbell and T. Loving https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119125563.EVPSYCH118 2015 - 3 citations - Show abstract - Cite 94.5% topic match

Provides an interdisciplinary approach to understanding romantic love. Combines social psychological and evolutionary psychological perspectives on the functions and experience of romantic love. Suggests potential for further research on relationship functioning relevant to evolutionary psychology but lacks direct focus on parental investment and offspring survival.

92.7%

4.6

2015

[12] Grandmothering life histories and human pair bonding James E. Coxworth, ..., and K. Hawkes Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2015 - 43 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF Abstract: Significance Pair bonds are universal in human societies and distinguish us from our closest living relatives. They characteristically involve men’s proprietary claims over women—mate guarding—which in animals generally is both predicted and observed to be more frequent when sex ratios in the fertile ages are male-biased. A marked male bias in the fertile ages evolved in our lineage as longevity increased without an extension of female fertility. We compare the sex-ratio shift in simulations of the grandmother hypothesis to demographic data from chimpanzees and human hunter–gatherers then connect the expanded proportions of older men to benefits for mate guarding, the evolution of pair bonds, and the long recognized importance of male alliances in human social life. The evolution of distinctively human life history and social organization is generally attributed to paternal provisioning based on pair bonds. Here we develop an alternative argument that connects the evolution of human pair bonds to the male-biased mating sex ratios that accompanied the evolution of human life history. We simulate an agent-based model of the grandmother hypothesis, compare simulated sex ratios to data on great apes and human hunter–gatherers, and note associations between a preponderance of males and mate guarding across taxa. Then we explore a recent model that highlights the importance of mating sex ratios for differences between birds and mammals and conclude that lessons for human evolution cannot ignore mammalian reproductive constraints. In contradiction to our claim that male-biased sex ratios are characteristically human, female-biased ratios are reported in some populations. We consider the likelihood that fertile men are undercounted and conclude that the mate-guarding hypothesis for human pair bonds gains strength from explicit links with our grandmothering life history. 92.7% topic match

Explores the connection between extended male lifespans and human pair bonding. Expands on the grandmother hypothesis to explain the male-biased sex ratio's impact on pair bonds. Discusses mate guarding and male alliances but may not focus on parental investment and long-term cooperation.

91.7%

1.1

2017

[13] Long-Term Romantic Relationships: Adaptationist Approaches C. Salmon Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences 2017 - 9 citations - Show abstract - Cite 91.7% topic match

Provides an evolutionary perspective on long-term romantic relationships. Explores sexual strategies, attachment roles, and hormonal influences in sustaining long-term commitments. Touches on mate preferences, jealousy, and infidelity, lacking explicit link to parental investment and cooperation.

91.0%

4.3

2007

[14] Evolutionary Ecology of Human Pair-Bonds R. Quinlan and Marsha B. Quinlan Cross-Cultural Research 2007 - 76 citations - Show abstract - Cite 91.0% topic match

Shows varied evolved functions of human pair-bonds. Finds pair-bonds stable with equal male and female subsistence contribution. Suggests parental investment and mating competition contribute significantly to pair-bond stability.

90.4%

0.0

2023

[15] What’s love got to do with jealousy? Ana María Fernández, ..., and Yvone Acevedo Frontiers in Psychology 2023 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 90.4% topic match

Shows a link between love, jealousy, and maintaining relationships. Demonstrates that love promotes cooperation and offspring protection, while jealousy safeguards against threats to romantic bonds. Highlights attachment and affective dependence, with varying degrees of jealousy linked to single and committed participants.

72.2%

0.1

2015

[16] The Role of Hormones in the Evolution of Human Sociality M. Flinn and C. Ward https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119125563.EVPSYCH124 2015 - 1 citations - Show abstract - Cite 72.2% topic match

Provides an evolutionary model for human mating and parenting. Discusses bilateral kin networks, pairbonding, and neurobiological mechanisms. Useful for understanding family structures but lacks direct focus on romantic love's role in offspring survival.

68.2%

20.0

2006

[17] Romantic love: a mammalian brain system for mate choice Helen E. Fisher, ..., and L. Brown Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 2006 - 359 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF Abstract: Mammals and birds regularly express mate preferences and make mate choices. Data on mate choice among mammals suggest that this behavioural ‘attraction system’ is associated with dopaminergic reward pathways in the brain. It has been proposed that intense romantic love, a human cross-cultural universal, is a developed form of this attraction system. To begin to determine the neural mechanisms associated with romantic attraction in humans, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study 17 people who were intensely ‘in love’. Activation specific to the beloved occurred in the brainstem right ventral tegmental area and right postero-dorsal body of the caudate nucleus. These and other results suggest that dopaminergic reward and motivation pathways contribute to aspects of romantic love. We also used fMRI to study 15 men and women who had just been rejected in love. Preliminary analysis showed activity specific to the beloved in related regions of the reward system associated with monetary gambling for uncertain large gains and losses, and in regions of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex associated with theory of mind, obsessive/compulsive behaviours and controlling anger. These data contribute to our view that romantic love is one of the three primary brain systems that evolved in avian and mammalian species to direct reproduction. The sex drive evolved to motivate individuals to seek a range of mating partners; attraction evolved to motivate individuals to prefer and pursue specific partners; and attachment evolved to motivate individuals to remain together long enough to complete species-specific parenting duties. These three behavioural repertoires appear to be based on brain systems that are largely distinct yet interrelated, and they interact in specific ways to orchestrate reproduction, using both hormones and monoamines. Romantic attraction in humans and its antecedent in other mammalian species play a primary role: this neural mechanism motivates individuals to focus their courtship energy on specific others, thereby conserving valuable time and metabolic energy, and facilitating mate choice. 68.2% topic match

Provides insights into the neural mechanisms of romantic love. Explains how romantic love evolved to facilitate mate choice and species-specific parenting duties. Focuses on brain systems, hormones, and metabolic energy conservation, with less emphasis on explicit links to parental investment and long-term cooperation for offspring survival.

60.9%

0.2

2005

[18] Romantic Love and Marriage: An Analysis of the Concept and Functionality of Romantic Love as a Marital Stabilizing Agent Emma L Sorrell Journal Not Provided 2005 - 4 citations - Show abstract - Cite Abstract: When identifYing the central components that constitute general social structures, one cannot overlook the integral role that marriage, in its many manifestations, plays in the make-up of human societies. Marriage, or the ultimate extension of pair bonding, developed largely as a cultural adaptation to the reproduction of slowly developing human offipring and hence can be viewed as a method of maximizing reproductive fitness. If this assumption is correct, then one may presume that it would be beneficial to humans and their reproductive success to engage in marriages of relative stability. Hence, it would be reasonable to assume that there must be methods of stabilizing marriages in all societies. This paper will examine the relationship that exists between romantic love and marriage, as well as the functional role that love may play as a stabilizing agent in certain matrimonial unions. Recent research indicates that romantic love is a fairly universal concept, yet it is not universally considered an important factor in marriage (Jankowiak & Fischer 1992). This paper will discuss the relationship between romantic love and marriage, as well as the factors that appear to make love an important part of a matrimonial agreement. The following is an attempt to demonstrate the functionality of romantic love, in the sense that love may act as a basis for stabilizing marriage in some societies. In discussing romantic love, current approaches seem to view this as a near universal concept, as it seems to be a present cultural attribute in 89 percent of contemporary societies (Jankowiak 1995). Studies dealing with the concept of love seem to emphasize the functionality of romantic attachment, either in terms of its possible stabilizing power in marriage or its importance as an evolutionary adaptation designed to maintain pair bonds and their associated reproductive contracts. The body of literature in the realm of romantic 60.9% topic match

Examines the relationship between romantic love and marriage as a stabilizing agent. Details how romantic love contributes to marital stability, potentially enhancing reproductive fitness and the upbringing of offspring. Relevant but focuses on marital stability more broadly, with less emphasis on direct parental investment and long-term cooperation for offspring survival.

50.4%

0.2

2019

[19] Happiness, Gratitude, and Love Glenn Geher and N. Wedberg Positive Evolutionary Psychology 2019 - 1 citations - Show abstract - Cite 50.4% topic match

Discusses the evolution of love as part of biparental care. Explains how love evolved due to human infants benefiting from biparental care given their helplessness. The chapter integrates gratitude and happiness but focuses less directly on parental investment and long-term cooperation.

45.2%

1.7

2006

[20] Are men really that bad as fathers? The role of men's investments Jeffrey Winking Social Biology 2006 - 32 citations - Show abstract - Cite 45.2% topic match

Argues for a joint venture model of parental investment. Suggests men's involvement in parenting allows women to increase fertility efforts, benefiting the union's overall productivity. Relevant to the evolutionary purpose of men's parental investment but less focused on romantic love enhancing cooperation for offspring survival.

33.8%

2.9

2017

[21] I love you from the bottom of my hypothalamus: The role of stress physiology in romantic pair bond formation and maintenance. Evelyn Mercado and Leah C. Hibel Social and personality psychology compass 2017 - 23 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 33.8% topic match

Shows the role of stress physiology in romantic pair bond formation. Details how the stress response system supports attachment bonds through pleasure and reward mechanisms. Does not explicitly link romantic love to parental investment and long-term cooperation for offspring survival.

20.8%

0.0

2019

[22] Evolution and Human Fatherhood A. Boyette and Lee T. Gettler The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology and Behavioral Endocrinology 2019 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite 20.8% topic match

Explores the evolution of paternal care in humans. Highlights the connection between social monogamy and paternal investment. Discusses neuroendocrinology and biocultural frameworks, but lacks focus on romantic love.

19.1%

7.3

2005

[23] The evolution and function of adult attachment: a comparative and phylogenetic analysis. R. C. Fraley, ..., and Michael J. Marks Journal of personality and social psychology 2005 - 140 citations - Show abstract - Cite 19.1% topic match

Shows: Adult attachment correlates with paternal care, neoteny, and small social groups. Details: Comparative analysis in mammalian species suggests paternal care and pair bonding are functionally linked, hinting at evolutionary convergence. Relevance: Addresses adult attachment and paternal care but not explicitly focused on human romantic love's role in offspring survival and cooperation.

18.8%

0.0

2019

[24] Romantic Love and Attentional Biases Toward Attractive Alternatives and Rivals: Long-Term Relationship Maintenance Among Female Chinese College Students Yidan Ma, ..., and Yong Zheng Evolutionary Psychology 2019 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 18.8% topic match

Shows role of romantic love in relationship maintenance. Details attentional biases in committed women to protect relationships against attractive alternatives. Focuses on relationship maintenance rather than parental investment or offspring survival; limited relevance to evolutionary purpose.

16.4%

6.1

2000

[25] Lust, Attraction, Attachment: Biology and Evolution of the Three Primary Emotion Systems for Mating, Reproduction, and Parenting Helen E. Fisher Journal of Sex Education and Therapy 2000 - 152 citations - Show abstract - Cite 16.4% topic match

Provides insights into biological emotion systems for mating and reproduction. Discusses sex drive, attraction, and attachment and their roles in human mating behaviors. Includes neurobiological details but lacks direct focus on parental investment or offspring survival.

14.0%

0.6

2021

[26] Romantic Love and Sleep Variations: Potential Proximate Mechanisms and Evolutionary Functions Adam Bode and L. Kuula Biology 2021 - 2 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 14.0% topic match

Investigates relationship between romantic love and sleep variations. Explores proximate mechanisms and potential evolutionary functions of sleep variations due to romantic love. Focuses on sleep and psychopathology; lacks direct discussion on parental investment and cooperation for offspring's survival.

13.8%

0.0

2017

[27] The role of love affection in the formation of social cooperation and caring for offspring in humans and animals Sergei Kliman https://doi.org/10.21847/1728-9343.2017.5(151).117408 2017 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 13.8% topic match

Provides insights into the role of love and empathy in social and parental behaviors. Discusses evolutionary benefits in monogamous mammals, referencing early hominid development through love and care. Includes comparative analysis with animals, potentially less focus on specifically long-term human parental cooperation.

13.5%

25.7

2012

[28] Neural correlates of long-term intense romantic love. Bianca P. Acevedo, ..., and L. Brown Social cognitive and affective neuroscience 2012 - 331 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 13.5% topic match

Shows neural correlates of long-term intense romantic love. Uses fMRI to identify brain regions associated with reward and attachment in long-term couples. Highlights brain areas involved in reward, maternal attachment, sexual frequency, and romantic/friendship-based love.

12.6%

4.5

2020

[29] After the Honeymoon: Neural and Genetic Correlates of Romantic Love in Newlywed Marriages Bianca P. Acevedo, ..., and L. Brown Frontiers in Psychology 2020 - 21 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF Abstract: In Western culture, romantic love is commonly a basis for marriage. Although it is associated with relationship satisfaction, stability, and individual well-being, many couples experience declines in romantic love. In newlyweds, specifically, changes in love predict marital outcomes. However, the biological mechanisms underlying the critical transition to marriage are unknown. Thus, for the first time, we explored the neural and genetic correlates of romantic love in newlyweds. Nineteen first-time newlyweds were scanned (with functional MRI) while viewing face images of the partner versus a familiar acquaintance, around the time of the wedding (T1) and 1 year after (T2). They also provided saliva samples for genetic analysis (AVPR1a rs3, OXTR rs53576, COMT rs4680, and DRD4-7R), and completed self-report measures of relationship quality including the Eros (romantic love) scale. We hypothesized that romantic love is a developed form of the mammalian drive to find, and keep, preferred mates; and that its maintenance is orchestrated by the brain’s reward system. Results showed that, at both time points, romantic love maintenance (Eros difference score: T2-T1) was associated with activation of the dopamine-rich substantia nigra in response to face images of the partner. Interactions with vasopressin, oxytocin, and dopamine genes implicated in pair-bonding (AVPR1a rs3, OXTR rs53576, COMT rs4680, and DRD4-7R) also conferred strong activation in the dopamine-rich ventral tegmental area at both time points. Consistent with work highlighting the role of sexual intimacy in relationships, romantic love maintenance showed correlations in the paracentral lobule (genital region) and cortical areas involved in sensory and cognitive processing (occipital, angular gyrus, insular cortex). These findings suggest that romantic love, and its maintenance, are orchestrated by dopamine-, vasopressin- and oxytocin-rich brain regions, as seen in humans and other monogamous animals. We also provide genetic evidence of polymorphisms associated with oxytocin, vasopressin and dopamine function that affect the propensity to sustain romantic love in early stage marriages. We conclude that romantic love maintenance is part of a broad mammalian strategy for reproduction and long-term attachment that is influenced by basic reward circuitry, complex cognitive processes, and genetic factors. 12.6% topic match

Explores neural and genetic correlates of romantic love in newlyweds. Examines changes in romantic love and relationship quality over the first year of marriage. Focuses on neural and genetic mechanisms, lacking direct connection to parental investment and offspring survival.

12.4%

0.2

2013

[30] Hypothesis formulation for Integrated Neuroendocrinal Mechanisms for Pair Bonding, Romantic Love, Maternal and Paternal Love M. Shobitha and J. Agarwal International Journal of Physiology 2013 - 2 citations - Show abstract - Cite 12.4% topic match

Provides a hypothesis on neuroendocrinal mechanisms in various forms of love. Expands on comprehensive mechanisms involving pair bonding, romantic love, and parental love. Lacks focus on how romantic love specifically enhances parental investment and cooperation for offspring survival.

11.8%

0.9

2011

[31] NGF and romantic love. E. Emanuele Archives italiennes de biologie 2011 - 12 citations - Show abstract - Cite 11.8% topic match

Shows a biochemical basis for early romantic love. Associates early romantic feelings with higher nerve growth factor (NGF) levels. Focuses on neurobiological aspects, not explicitly on parental investment or long-term cooperation.

11.7%

0.0

2024

[32] The Characteristics versus the “Myths” of Romantic Love Paula Cañaveras, ..., and Ramón Flecha Social and Education History 2024 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 11.7% topic match

Analyzes historical perspectives on romantic love myths. Reviews diverse literature to challenge the association of romantic love with coercion and violence. Does not focus on evolutionary purpose, parental investment, or long-term cooperation for offspring.

11.6%

1.4

2016

[33] The Emerging Integration of Close Relationships Research and Evolutionary Psychology Paul W. Eastwick Current Directions in Psychological Science 2016 - 12 citations - Show abstract - Cite 11.6% topic match

11.4%

1.1

2023

[34] The Role of Sexual and Romantic Attraction in Human Mate Preferences Meike Scheller, ..., and A. Little The Journal of Sex Research 2023 - 2 citations - Show abstract - Cite 11.4% topic match

11.3%

6.0

2010

[35] Bound to interact: The divergent goals and complex interplay of attachment and sex within romantic relationships G. Birnbaum Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 2010 - 89 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 11.3% topic match

11.2%

0.4

2006

[36] Examining the biological bases of family law: lessons to be learned for the evolutionary analysis of law∗ J. Carbone and Naomi R. Cahn International Journal of Law in Context 2006 - 8 citations - Show abstract - Cite 11.2% topic match

Examines the biological and evolutionary bases of family law. Discusses how pair bonds are universal but long-term fidelity varies. Relevance to romantic love and parental investment is indirect, focusing on legal implications.

11.0%

17.1

2005

[37] Romantic love: An fMRI study of a neural mechanism for mate choice Helen E. Fisher, ..., and L. Brown Journal of Comparative Neurology 2005 - 325 citations - Show abstract - Cite 11.0% topic match

Provides insight into the neural mechanisms of romantic love. Uses fMRI data showing activation in dopamine-rich areas associated with reward and motivation. Does not directly address parental investment or long-term cooperation for offspring survival and development.

10.9%

10.3

2019

[38] Family Matters: Rethinking the Psychology of Human Social Motivation Ahra Ko, ..., and D. Kenrick Perspectives on Psychological Science 2019 - 56 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 10.9% topic match

Highlights the importance of familial bonds over mating motives. Shows that long-term familial bonds, including kin care, are prioritized and linked to well-being. Implies romantic love's role in secure long-term relationships may need more focus; less direct link to parental investment and long-term cooperation.

10.8%

0.1

2014

[39] Dimensions of the heterosexual bond : culture, personality and cycle effects Rei Shimoda Journal Not Provided 2014 - 1 citations - Show abstract - Cite Abstract: Romantic love, sexual desire, and adult attachment mechanisms were proposed to be universal adaptations which initiate and maintain a pair-bond relationship with a selected partner. The main goal of the thesis was to explore the functions of the pair-bond mechanisms from an evolutionary perspective and to test whether these proposed mechanisms showed the characteristics expected of psychological systems designed to initiate and maintain a pair-bond. The life history theory assumes that, as the available resources and lifespan are limited, decisions regarding resource allocation (e.g., energy) involve trade-offs among life history tasks (e.g., reproduction, parenting). The theory implies that individuals in different circumstances should deal with trade-offs differently, and this may be reflected in the experiences of pair-bond relationships. I first selected prospective items in order to construct self-report measurements of pair-bond relationships (Chapter Two). These items were administered to Occidental and Japanese participants. Their responses were entered in a series of factor analyses in order to confirm factor structure underlying pair-bond relationships, and to develop and refine measurements to assess relationships dimensions (Chapter Three). For both cultural groups, six factors were generated: a romantic love related factor (obsession); three attachment-related factors (care-receiving, care-giving, separation distress); and two sexual desire-related factors (partner- and other-directed sexual desire). The developed scales and/or some of the selected items were used to assess whether individuals differed in the intensity of relationship dimensions as a function of sex (Chapters Four and Five), age (Chapter Four), relationship stage (Chapter Four), cultural background (Chapter Four), personality (Chapter Five) and female conception probability (Chapter Six). Results showed that the intensity of relationship dimensions differed between sexes, different age groups, relationship stages, cultural backgrounds, personalities, and menstrual phases. In fact, culture had a major impact on pair-bond relationship dimensions. The strong cultural influence found on the relationship dimensions suggests that this should not be ignored by evolutionary psychologists. 10.8% topic match

10.6%

2.3

2019

[40] Pair bonds, reproductive success, and rise of alternate mating strategies in a social carnivore D. Ausband Behavioral Ecology 2019 - 12 citations - Show abstract - Cite 10.6% topic match

10.5%

1.0

2015

[41] Attentional Biases toward Attractive Alternatives and Rivals: Mechanisms Involved in Relationship Maintenance among Chinese Women Yidan Ma, ..., and Yong Zheng PLoS ONE 2015 - 9 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 10.5% topic match

10.4%

0.6

2005

[42] Promiscuity in an evolved pair-bonding system: Mating within and outside the Pleistocene box L. Miller, ..., and Anila Putcha-Bhagavatula Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2005 - 12 citations - Show abstract - Cite 10.4% topic match

10.3%

0.3

2016

[43] Ecology of Pairbond Stability Dr Geoff Kushnick Journal Not Provided 2016 - 3 citations - Show abstract - Cite 10.3% topic match

10.2%

0.5

2023

[44] Is the pair bond a human universal? An analytical essay William R. Jankowiak International Review of Psychiatry 2023 - 1 citations - Show abstract - Cite 10.2% topic match

10.1%

0.0

2015

[45] Advances in the Research of Neural Mechanism of Romantic Love Hongwen Song, ..., and Zhiling Zou Journal Not Provided 2015 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite 10.1% topic match

10.0%

8.6

2018

[46] The Fragile Spell of Desire: A Functional Perspective on Changes in Sexual Desire Across Relationship Development G. Birnbaum Personality and Social Psychology Review 2018 - 57 citations - Show abstract - Cite 10.0% topic match

9.9%

45.8

2005

[47] Reward, motivation, and emotion systems associated with early-stage intense romantic love. A. Aron, ..., and L. Brown Journal of neurophysiology 2005 - 892 citations - Show abstract - Cite 9.9% topic match

9.9%

2.0

2023

[48] Reproductive Strategies and Romantic Love in Early Modern Europe Mauricio de Jesus Dias Martins and Nicolas Baumard Archives of Sexual Behavior 2023 - 2 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 9.9% topic match

9.8%

0.0

2019

[49] Love, the Brain, and Becoming Human R. Eisler Nurturing Our Humanity 2019 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite 9.8% topic match

Provides a new perspective on the role of love in human evolution. Explores how love, including romantic love, contributes to human brain development and distinguishes humans from other species. Discusses the interplay of biology and culture in love's evolutionary role, but lacks a specific focus on parental investment and long-term cooperation.

9.7%

12.4

2001

[50] Evolution of Human Parental Behavior and the Human Family D. Geary and M. Flinn Parenting 2001 - 292 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 9.7% topic match

9.7%

2.1

2016

[51] The neuroendocrinology of love K. Seshadri Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 2016 - 18 citations - Show abstract - Cite 9.7% topic match

9.6%

None

[52] ©2013 European Molecular Biology Organization Science and Society Series on Sex and Science Science & Society Series on Sex and Science C. S. Carter and Stephen W. Porges Journal Not Provided None - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite Abstract: L ove is deeply biological. It pervades every aspect of our lives and has inspired countless works of art. Love also has a profound effect on our mental and physical state. A 'broken heart' or a failed relationship can have disastrous effects; bereavement disrupts human physiology and might even precipitate death. Without loving relationships, humans fail to flourish, even if all of their other basic needs are met. As such, love is clearly not 'just' an emotion; it is a biological process that is both dynamic and bidirectional in several dimensions. Social interactions between individuals, for example, trigger cognitive and physiological processes that influence emotional and mental states. In turn, these changes influence future social interactions. Similarly, the maintenance of loving relationships requires constant feedback through sensory and cognitive systems; the body seeks love and responds constantly to interaction with loved ones or to the absence of such interaction. Although evidence exists for the healing power of love, it is only recently that science has turned its attention to providing a physiological explanation. The study of love, in this context, offers insight into many important topics including the biological basis of interpersonal relationships and why and how disruptions in social bonds have such pervasive consequences for behaviour and physiology. Some of the answers will be found in our growing knowledge of the neurobiological and endocrinologi-cal mechanisms of social behaviour and interpersonal engagement. N othing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. Theodosius Dobzhansky's famous dictum also holds true for explaining the evolution of love. Life on Earth is fundamentally social: the ability to interact dynamically with other living organisms to support mutual homeostasis, growth and reproduction evolved early. Social interactions are present in primitive invertebrates and even among prokaryotes: bacteria recognize and approach members of their own species. Bacteria also reproduce more successfully in the presence of their own kind and are able to form communities with physical and chemical characteristics that go far beyond the capabilities of the individual cell [1]. As another example, insect species have evolved particularly complex social systems , known as 'eusociality'. Characterized by a division of labour, eusociality seems to have evolved independently at least 11 times. Research in honey-bees indicates that a complex set of genes and their interactions regulate eusociality, and that these resulted from an " accelerated form of evolution " [2]. In other words, molecular mechanisms favouring … 9.6% topic match

Provides insight into the biological basis of love. Explores how love influences mental, emotional, and physiological states through cognitive and social interactions. Paper focuses more broadly on the biological and psychological impacts of love without specific emphasis on parental investment or offspring cooperation.

9.5%

4.5

2023

[53] The Neurobiology of Love and Pair Bonding from Human and Animal Perspectives Sarah A. Blumenthal and L. Young Biology 2023 - 7 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF Abstract: Simple Summary Being in love is a powerful emotional experience that is uniquely human; however, animal models of pair bonding provide insights into the neurobiological processes underlying love. Pair bonds are selective associations between two individuals (e.g., individuals in love) and can be studied in monogamous rodents such as prairie voles. Here, we examine pair bonds, from their evolutionary origins in mother–infant bonds, to the stages of bonding, comparing rodent and human literature. We discuss the neural circuits and neuromodulators driving bonding across species, with rodent studies providing insight into our human experiences of love. Abstract Love is a powerful emotional experience that is rooted in ancient neurobiological processes shared with other species that pair bond. Considerable insights have been gained into the neural mechanisms driving the evolutionary antecedents of love by studies in animal models of pair bonding, particularly in monogamous species such as prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Here, we provide an overview of the roles of oxytocin, dopamine, and vasopressin in regulating neural circuits responsible for generating bonds in animals and humans alike. We begin with the evolutionary origins of bonding in mother–infant relationships and then examine the neurobiological underpinnings of each stage of bonding. Oxytocin and dopamine interact to link the neural representation of partner stimuli with the social reward of courtship and mating to create a nurturing bond between individuals. Vasopressin facilitates mate-guarding behaviors, potentially related to the human experience of jealousy. We further discuss the psychological and physiological stress following partner separation and their adaptive function, as well as evidence of the positive health outcomes associated with being pair-bonded based on both animal and human studies. 9.5% topic match

9.5%

0.6

2020

[54] Editorial: What’s Love Got to Do With It: The Evolution of Monogamy N. Solomon and A. Ophir Frontiers in ecology and evolution 2020 - 3 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 9.5% topic match

9.4%

11.5

2012

[55] Human origins and the transition from promiscuity to pair-bonding S. Gavrilets Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2012 - 145 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 9.4% topic match

9.2%

1.6

2000

[56] Attachment Theory as an Organizing Framework: A View from Different Levels of Analysis P. Pietromonaco and Lisa Feldman Barrett Review of General Psychology 2000 - 39 citations - Show abstract - Cite 9.2% topic match

9.2%

1.4

2008

[57] The Evolution of Love and Long-Term Bonds J. Forgas and J. Fitness https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203888124-9 2008 - 23 citations - Show abstract - Cite 9.2% topic match

9.1%

8.6

2000

[58] Adult Romantic Attachments: A Developmental Perspective on Individual Differences J. Cassidy Review of General Psychology 2000 - 212 citations - Show abstract - Cite 9.1% topic match

9.0%

1.2

2024

[59] Love songs and serenades: a theoretical review of music and romantic relationships Joshua S. Bamford, ..., and Suvi Saarikallio Frontiers in Psychology 2024 - 1 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 9.0% topic match

9.0%

9.6

2007

[60] The evolution of human mating. D. Buss Acta Psychologica Sinica 2007 - 170 citations - Show abstract - Cite 9.0% topic match

8.9%

1.0

2022

[61] Seeds of love: Positivity bias mediates between passionate love and prorelationship behavior in romantic couples Moran Mizrahi, ..., and H. Reis Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 2022 - 3 citations - Show abstract - Cite 8.9% topic match

8.8%

1.7

2010

[62] Social Behaviour: Pair bonds and parental behaviour Lisa A. McGraw, ..., and L. Young https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511781360.023 2010 - 24 citations - Show abstract - Cite 8.8% topic match

8.5%

14.7

2016

[63] Intense, Passionate, Romantic Love: A Natural Addiction? How the Fields That Investigate Romance and Substance Abuse Can Inform Each Other Helen E. Fisher, ..., and L. Brown Frontiers in Psychology 2016 - 127 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF Abstract: Individuals in the early stage of intense romantic love show many symptoms of substance and non-substance or behavioral addictions, including euphoria, craving, tolerance, emotional and physical dependence, withdrawal and relapse. We have proposed that romantic love is a natural (and often positive) addiction that evolved from mammalian antecedents by 4 million years ago as a survival mechanism to encourage hominin pair-bonding and reproduction, seen cross-culturally today in Homo sapiens. Brain scanning studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging support this view: feelings of intense romantic love engage regions of the brain’s “reward system,” specifically dopamine-rich regions, including the ventral tegmental area, also activated during drug and/or behavioral addiction. Thus, because the experience of romantic love shares reward pathways with a range of substance and behavioral addictions, it may influence the drug and/or behavioral addiction response. Indeed, a study of overnight abstinent smokers has shown that feelings of intense romantic love attenuate brain activity associated with cigarette cue-reactivity. Could socially rewarding experiences be therapeutic for drug and/or behavioral addictions? We suggest that “self expanding” experiences like romance and expanding one’s knowledge, experience and self-perception, may also affect drug and/or behavioral addiction behaviors. Further, because feelings of romantic love can progress into feelings of calm attachment, and because attachment engages more plastic forebrain regions, there is a rationale for therapies that may help substance and/or behavioral addiction by promoting activation of these forebrain systems through long-term, calm, positive attachments to others, including group therapies. Addiction is considered a negative (harmful) disorder that appears in a population subset; while romantic love is often a positive (as well as negative) state experienced by almost all humans. Thus, researchers have not categorized romantic love as a chemical or behavioral addiction. But by embracing data on romantic love, it’s classification as an evolved, natural, often positive but also powerfully negative addiction, and its neural similarity to many substance and non-substance addictive states, clinicians may develop more effective therapeutic approaches to alleviate a range of the addictions, including heartbreak–an almost universal human experience that can trigger stalking, clinical depression, suicide, homicide, and other crimes of passion. 8.5% topic match

8.1%

0.6

2013

[64] Teorias Sobre o Amor no Campo da Psicologia Social Priscilla de Oliveira Martins-Silva, ..., and Annor da Silva Júnior Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão 2013 - 7 citations - Show abstract - Cite 8.1% topic match

7.9%

50.8

1986

[65] A triangular theory of love. R. Sternberg Psychological Review 1986 - 1981 citations - Show abstract - Cite Abstract: This article presents a triangular theory of love. According to the theory, love has three components: (a) intimacy, which encompasses the feelings of closeness, connectedness, and bondedness one experiences in loving relationships; (b) passion, which encompasses the drives that lead to romance, physical attraction, and sexual consummation; and (c) decision/commitment, which encompasses, in the short term, the decision that one loves another, and in the long term, the commitment to maintain that love. The amount of love one experiences depends on the absolute strength of these three components, and the kind of love one experiences depends on their strengths relative to each other. The three components interact with each other and with the actions that they produce and that produce them so as to form a number of different kinds of loving experiences. The triangular theory of love subsumes certain other theories and can account for a number of empirical findings in the research literature, as well as for a number of experiences with which many are familiar firsthand. It is proposed that the triangular theory provides a rather comprehensive basis for understanding many aspects of the love that underlies close relationships. What does it mean "to love" someone? Does it always mean the same thing, and if not, in what ways do loves differ from each other? Why do certain loves seem to last, whereas others disappear almost as quickly as they are formed? This article seeks to answer these and other questions through a triangular theory of love. This tripartite theory deals both with the nature of love and with loves in various kinds of relationships. The presentation of the theory will be divided into three main parts. In the first part, the main tenets of the theory will be explained and discussed, and the theory will be compared with other theories of love. In the second part, the implications of the theory for close relationships and satisfaction in them will be described. In the third part, the theory will be shown to account for many of the empirical phenomena that have been observed with regard to love. 7.9% topic match

7.9%

1.0

2013

[66] The coevolution of long‐term pair bonds and cooperation Zhiyuan Song and Marcus W. Feldman Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2013 - 12 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 7.9% topic match

7.8%

0.8

2023

[67] What are Romantic Relationships Good for? An Explorative Analysis of the Perceived Benefits of Being in a Relationship Menelaos Apostolou, ..., and Timo Lajunen Evolutionary Psychology 2023 - 1 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 7.8% topic match

7.5%

15.3

1992

[68] A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Romantic Love William R. Jankowiak and E. Fischer Ethnology 1992 - 502 citations - Show abstract - Cite 7.5% topic match

7.4%

20.5

2014

[69] Neurobiology of love. Franza Francesco and Alba Cervone Psychiatria Danubina 2014 - 208 citations - Show abstract - Cite 7.4% topic match

7.3%

1.8

2022

[70] The neural circuits of monogamous behavior M. F. López-Gutiérrez, ..., and W. Portillo Frontiers in Neural Circuits 2022 - 4 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 7.3% topic match

7.2%

4.0

2012

[71] Attachment features and functions in adult romantic relationships Marie E. Heffernan, ..., and C. Brumbaugh Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 2012 - 50 citations - Show abstract - Cite 7.2% topic match

7.1%

5.1

2006

[72] Women's Sexual Strategies: The Evolution of Long-Term Bonds and Extrapair Sex Elizabeth G. Pillsworth and M. Haselton Annual Review of Sex Research 2006 - 96 citations - Show abstract - Cite 7.1% topic match

6.8%

2.5

2017

[73] Evolution of male strategies with sex-ratio–dependent pay-offs: connecting pair bonds with grandmothering Sara L. Loo, ..., and P. Kim Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 2017 - 18 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 6.8% topic match

6.8%

11.2

1988

[74] A Biased Overview of the Study of Love P. Shaver and C. Hazan Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 1988 - 405 citations - Show abstract - Cite 6.8% topic match

6.4%

1.3

2015

[75] Hormones and the Human Family M. Flinn, ..., and R. Noone https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470939376.CH19 2015 - 12 citations - Show abstract - Cite Abstract: HORMONES AND NEUROTRANSMITTERS help shape important aspects of our lives, including growth, differentiation, sexuality, physiology, emotion, and cognition. From romantic thoughts to jealous rage, from the release of gametes to lactation and parent-offspring bonding, the extraordinary molecules produced and released by tiny and otherwise seemingly insignificant cells and glands orchestrate our reproductive strategies. A key research objective is to understand the evolutionary functions of this chemical language. Endocrine and neuroendocrine systems may be viewed as complex sets of mechanisms designed by natural selection to communicate information among cells and tissues. This chapter focuses on an area of particular importance for evolutionary psychology: the behavioral endocrinology of the human family. Steroid and peptide hormones, associated neurotransmitters, and other chemical messengers guide mating and parental behaviors of mammals in many important ways (Curtis & Wang, 2003; Rosenblatt, 2003; Young & Insel, 2002). Cross-species comparisons among primates require careful analysis (Bercovitch & Ziegler, 2002) because of the apparent rapid evolutionary changes in patterns of reproductive behaviors and increased phenotypic flexibility involving intricate mental processes. Homo sapiens presents special problems in these regards (Fisher, 2004; Maestripieri, 1999; Marler, Bester-Meredith, & Trainor, 2003; Wynne-Edwards, 2001, 2003). Here we first provide a theoretical scenario for the evolution of human patterns of mating and parenting behaviors. We test our model by examining the phylogenetic trajectories of associated traits such as sexual dimorphism and life history stages from the hominin fossil record. We then turn to a description and functional analysis of the endocrine mechanisms that may influence these remarkable reproductive behavioral characteristics of our species. 6.4% topic match

6.1%

16.0

2014

[76] An evolutionary framework for studying mechanisms of social behavior. H. Hofmann, ..., and D. Rubenstein Trends in ecology & evolution 2014 - 164 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 6.1% topic match

5.9%

None

[77] On the Œdipus complex , 1 G. Iurato Journal Not Provided None - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite Abstract: Taking into account notable recent neuroimaging researches, it is possible to infer some first simple remarks which would suggest possible neurological bases to that fundamental psychoanalytic assumption which is the Freudian OEdipus complex. The following first very brief sketch has been just thought to simply highlight this fact. This very brief note is concerned with remarkable recent neurological researches, namely the works (Bartels & Zeki, 2000, 2004) and (Zeki, 2007), which are centered on the possible neural correlates of maternal and romantic love. Starting from this, our intention would be oriented toward the search for as many possible neurological basis of the well known OEdipus complex in the Freudian sense, above all, for boys. Indeed, according to these authors, «the tender intimacy and selflessness of a mother's love for her infant occupies a unique and exalted position in human conduct. Like romantic love, to which it is closely linked, it provides one of the most powerful motivations for human action, and has been celebrated throughout the ages – in literature, art and music – as one of the most beautiful and inspiring manifestations of human behaviour. It has also been the subject of many psychological studies that have searched into the long-lasting and pervasive influence of this love (or its absence) on the development and future mental constitution of a child […]. Yet little is known of brain areas and pathways that correlate with this extraordinary affective state in the human. In pursuing our studies of the neurological foundations of love (Bartels & Zeki, 2000), we therefore thought it worthwhile to turn our attention next to maternal love. Maternal and romantic love share a common and crucial evolutionary purpose, namely the maintenance and perpetuation of the species. Both ensure the formation of firm bonds between individuals, by making this behaviour a rewarding experience. They therefore share a similar evolutionary origin and serve a similar biological function. It is likely that they also share at least a core of common neural mechanisms. Neuroendocrine, cellular and behavioural studies of various mammalian species ranging from rodents to primates show that the neurohormones vasopressin and oxytocin are involved in the formation and maintenance of attachment between individuals, and suggest a tight coupling between attachment processes and the neural systems for reward […]. This is confirmed by lesion, gene expression and behavioural studies in mammals […]. Interestingly, the same neurohormones are involved in the attachment … 5.9% topic match

5.9%

6.9

2000

[78] The Place of Attachment in Human Mating C. Hazan and L. Diamond Review of General Psychology 2000 - 170 citations - Show abstract - Cite 5.9% topic match

5.6%

16.4

2003

[79] A critical period for provisioning by Hadza men: Implications for pair bonding F. Marlowe Evolution and Human Behavior 2003 - 356 citations - Show abstract - Cite 5.6% topic match

5.5%

14.0

2006

[80] Romantic love and sexual desire in close relationships. Gian C. Gonzaga, ..., and Margaret Altemus Emotion 2006 - 261 citations - Show abstract - Cite 5.5% topic match

5.4%

3.2

2016

[81] Pair-Bonded Relationships and Romantic Alternatives: Toward an Integration of Evolutionary and Relationship Science Perspectives Kristina M. Durante, ..., and J. Simpson Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 2016 - 29 citations - Show abstract - Cite 5.4% topic match

5.2%

8.1

2015

[82] Fundamentals of Human Mating Strategies D. Schmitt https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119125563.EVPSYCH111 2015 - 74 citations - Show abstract - Cite 5.2% topic match

5.1%

0.0

2013

[83] The Molecular Basis Of Love Luv Kush International journal of innovative research and development 2013 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite 5.1% topic match

4.9%

0.0

2019

[84] The Influence of Evolutionary Psychology on Human Mating and Sexual Behavior N. Fayyaz Universal Journal of Psychology 2019 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 4.9% topic match

4.8%

46.8

2019

[85] Mate Preferences and Their Behavioral Manifestations. D. Buss and D. Schmitt Annual review of psychology 2019 - 279 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 4.8% topic match

4.6%

8.4

2017

[86] The Role of Oxytocin and Vasopressin in Attachment. C. Carter Psychodynamic psychiatry 2017 - 59 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 4.6% topic match

4.4%

2.5

2015

[87] Commitment, Love, and Mate Retention L. Campbell and B. Ellis https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470939376.CH14 2015 - 23 citations - Show abstract - Cite 4.4% topic match

4.4%

5.1

1989

[88] Evolution of human serial pairbonding. Helen E. Fisher American journal of physical anthropology 1989 - 183 citations - Show abstract - Cite 4.4% topic match

4.1%

3.5

2018

[89] The Evolution of Love in Humans D. Buss The New Psychology of Love 2018 - 21 citations - Show abstract - Cite 4.1% topic match

3.9%

1.1

2003

[90] The neurobiology of attraction. D. Marazziti and G. Cassano Journal of endocrinological investigation 2003 - 25 citations - Show abstract - Cite 3.9% topic match

3.9%

0.0

2011

[91] A Reply to Helvenston and Hodgson, and Neely P. Shipman Current Anthropology 2011 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite Abstract: One of the advantages of publishing a wide-ranging paper like “The animal connection and human evolution” in Current Anthropology is the opportunity this venue provides for a meaningful dialogue with readers. I am especially pleased that Helvenston and Hodgson, and Neely, have responded with such interesting ideas and observations, not to mention several scholars who have contacted me privately to make me aware of publications that I had, sadly, missed or shortchanged in my paper. Helvenston and Hodgson bring to my attention their thoughtful article in 2006 that presents a neurological perspective on the ways in which the importance of animals may have influenced cognitive development and perhaps led to artistic depictions of animals. They rightly observe that primates in general, and higher primates in particular, have neurological adaptations that can (and do) lead to advantageous abilities to focus on animals, to imitate animals, and to identify behaviors or postures typical of particular species. As they point out, all of these abilities would be important to hunting success and to simple survival. They also postulate a link between behaving like an animal through physical imitation of movements, wearing skins, and so on—as an aid to hunting—and the extension of these “representations” to the artistic depiction of animals that so predominate in prehistoric art. Neely goes a bit farther out on a speculative limb. She observes that wolves—as the starting point for the first domesticate—are monogamous. Similarly, pair-bonding has been postulated by scholars (e.g., Lovejoy 1981; White et al. 2009) to have been characteristic of hominids from early in their evolutionary history. Neely speculates that hominids might have seen the very useful and impressive abilities of wolves and protodogs as being related to their monogamous social organization, leading to a symbolic (but not genetic) value being placed on monogamy. She may be right because, as she comments, humans do often place a symbolic value on behaviors that they believe influence their survival. A simple parallel can be found among athletes who wear a “lucky shirt” or socks or hat in hopes this behavior will cause them to excel as they have before in that garb. I would be more thoroughly persuaded of the impact of monogamy or pairbonding on human evolution if Neely had explained why monogamy did not assume symbolic importance in other species and did not contribute to the origin of tool making and language in other species, as far as we know. 3.9% topic match

3.8%

0.0

2010

[92] Close the gap René van Hezewijk and T. Verheggen Journal Not Provided 2010 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite Abstract: Paper presented at the ISTP Conference, Toronto 2007. Mate choice, courting, parental investment, attractiveness, and love are a few examples of human interactions in which evolutionary psychology has a keen interest. Theories like this shed light on human partner preferences and there is quite strong empirical support for that as well. Roughly the general version says that For any member of the sexes, if the individual is interested in long-term mating, it will select a mate that is showing to be 1. able to invest in the relationship and in their offspring 2. willing to invest in the relationship and in their offspring 3. able to physically protect self, partner and offspring 4. having good parenting skills 5. compatible with the self (has similar values, age, personality etc.) These studies show how the preferences in partner selection resemble each other. Over many countries and cultures, within and between the sexes, within and between age groups, social economic classes etc. people all are, to certain extend alike in what they like and dislike. The interpretation of what is alike, however, is a matter of debate. That is, “resemblance” always is resemblance in the eye of the persons or organisms that compare. So a preference for a certain body shape, for symmetry, for sharp male facial contours and soft contours in the female face, for a particular waist-hip ratio etc. is in the eye of the beholder. That is, in the eye of the organism involved, or at least in the eye of the sex of the organism involved, or at least in the eye of the members of a certain age, culture, historical period of the sex of the organism involved, or at least…etc. From another angle there are studies of how personal knowledge of the human body partially accounts for the experience of romantic love in humans. Helen Fisher’s work is an example. Focusing on the experiences of human beings concerning romantic love, she reports remarkable regularities in and resemblances of feelings between human beings from different countries, cultures, ages, the sexes and even, apparently, between non-human animals – primates, and some other mammals in particular. What is remarkable here is that they mostly report of either internal feelings or the bilateral meaningful behavior and expected or hoped for behavior of the one in love and the one loved.From yet one other angle, Antonio Damasio’s theory on emotions and feelings also seems to enhance evolutionary psychology’s claims. Damasio suggests that vision, hearing, touch, taste and smell result from nerve activation patterns that reflect states of the external world. Emotions, on the other hand, are nerve activation patterns that correspond to the state of the internal world. The experience of sexual attraction is activated but also recorded in nerve cell activation patterns obtained by the brain from neural and hormonal feedback, and is experienced as a body state.Briefly, we argue, the way we interpret or represent our feelings, depends on how feelings are stylized, articulated, and expressed in communities. From (socially) skilled members of the group we learn how to appropriately deal with affects. 3.8% topic match

3.7%

14.9

2021

[93] What is a pair bond? K. Bales, ..., and Lynea R Witczak Hormones and Behavior 2021 - 48 citations - Show abstract - Cite 3.7% topic match

3.5%

1.0

2003

[94] The benefit and the doubt: why monogamy? G. Schuiling Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 2003 - 21 citations - Show abstract - Cite 3.5% topic match

3.4%

0.1

2017

[95] Neural and ecological basis of pair bonding in butterflyfishes (F: Chaetodontidae) J. Nowicki https://doi.org/10.4225/28/5A94F22D9A50E 2017 - 1 citations - Show abstract - Cite Abstract: Pair bonding has independently evolved in all major vertebrate lineages, where it represents a major defining feature of species-specific social structure. As such, proximate neural reasons for how, and adaptive reasons for why pair bonding occurs are fairly well established, at least for mammals and birds. In these later vertebrates, particularly mammals, there are four integral neurochemical systems involved: oxytocin, arginine vasotocin, dopamine, and opioid systems. Both oxytocin and arginine vasotocin systems facilitate partner attachment, presumably by mediating social memory. Meanwhile, dopamine and opioid systems appear to facilitate partner attachment by mediating partner reward learning and associated motivation/positive hedonics, respectively. Much less is known about the underlying neural or adaptive basis of pair bonding among reptiles, amphibians, and fishes. This is nonetheless very important, mainly because these lineages possess specific qualities, such as the general lack of bi-parental care, that facilitate improved understanding neurobiological systems that independently underpin pair bonding. Moreover, these lineages provide insight into the early evolution and subsequent evolutionary history of vertebrate pair bonding. The overall objective of my thesis was to investigate the i) underlying neurobiological basis and ii) ecological benefits of pair bonding in fishes, and specifically, among coral reef butterflyfishes (f: Chaetodontidae). As a first step, I sought to establish a novel butterflyfish model system for conducting integrative, comparative and experimental neural research. By undertaking extensive in situ behavioural observations on wild fishes, I show that pair bonding vs. non-pair bonding sociality varies markedly among adults of Chaetodon lunulatus (84% are pair bonding, whereas 16% are solitary), and among six congeners (84% of C. lunulatus, 78% of C. baronessa, and 71% of C. vagabundus adults are pair bonded, whereas 88% of C. rainfordi, 90% of C. plebeius, and 80% of C. trifascialis adults are solitary). Interestingly, several key attributes, including parental care, do not co-vary with these species differences in sociality. I also show that an ecologically relevant character of Chaetodon pair bonding, namely preferential affiliation with partner, is reliably elicited in C. lunulatus males using the laboratory "two-choice proximity" assay. When given a choice to affiliate with either their partner or a non-partner female conspecific, the majority of males spent on average 54/60min affiliating with their partner, and only 8/60min affiliating with a non-partner female. These findings reaffirm previous assumptions of the sociality of these species, and validate that the proposed butterflyfish systems are amenable for undertaking highly controlled comparative, and reliable experimental research into fish pair boding. I then used the established C. lunulatus model system for conducting integrative neural research, testing the hypothesis that regulatory neuro-chemical and –anatomical substrates may be similar to the mammalian model, Microtus ochrogaster. Peripheral administration of isotocin (IT, teleost homologue of oxytocin), arginine vasotocin (AVT, teleost homologue of arginine vasopressin) V1a receptor antagonists attenuates partner preference in males, indicating their functional involvement in pair bonding; however, administering dopamine D1 or mu-opioid receptor antagonists has no significant effect. Comparisons of gene expression of ITR, V1aR, D1R, D2R, and MORs within eight brain regions between pair bonded and solitary individuals showed that for females, differences in IT and V1a nonapeptide receptor expression within the lateral septum-like region (the ventral and lateral regions of the ventral telencephalon, Vv/Vl) is associated with differences in pairing phenotype. It further revealed that for both sexes, differences in dopamine D1, D2, and mu-opioid receptor expression within several regions of the mesolimbic reward system, including the striatum-like region (the central nucleus of the ventral telencephalon, Vc), is associated with differences in pairing phenotype. Finally, to explore the ecological basis of butterflyfish pair bonding, I tested the assisted resource defence hypothesis (ARDH) for pair bonding in two strongly pair bonding Chaetodon species. In situ observations of wild individuals suggest that paired individuals assist their partners while defending feeding territories in a species-specific manner, such that C. lunulatus displays mutual partner assistance, whereas C. baronessa displays male-prioritized partner assistance. In both species, partner assistance appears to confer gains in feeding and energy reserves to partners over their solitary counterparts. Experimentally inducing new partnerships in situ immediately evoked marked declines in relations between partners of the new pair and between the new pair and their neighbouring pairs, leading to severe declines in feeding rate that eventually recovered with subsequent partner fidelity. Taken together, these findings corroborate with previous findings in butterflyfishes, further supporting ARDH for pair bonding in these organisms, and furthermore suggests that partner fidelity is critical for promoting assisted resource defence. Overall, the results of this thesis demonstrate that in butterflyfishes, nonapeptide, dopamine, and opioid systems acting within specific nodes of the vertebrate social decision making network regulate pair bonding, in order to provide social assistance during defense of food resources. Based on the broader comparison of these results with those of mammals and birds, I furthermore conclude that in at least very selective cases, the convergence of pair bonding across exceptionally wide evolutionary distances is a consequence of pair bonding repeatedly serving an analogous ecological function through the repeated co-option of homologous neural structures. In order to determine the extent to which this has occurred, however, complementary studies in more vertebrates (most urgently amphibians and reptiles) are now needed. 3.4% topic match

3.3%

0.1

2004

[96] The Biological Basis of Commitment: Does One Size Fit All? Naomi R. Cahn and J. Carbone Social Science Research Network 2004 - 2 citations - Show abstract - Cite Abstract: Understanding the biological roots of intimate behavior is a complex undertaking that involves the integration of evolutionary biology, evolutionary psychology, neuroscience, anthropology and sociology. Evolutionary biology describes theories that explain the persistence of certain types of behavior in terms of presumed evolutionary pressures or advantages, focusing on the human mind. Evolutionary biologists assume that behavior that maximizes the presence of associated genes in the next generation is the behavior most likely to persist. In this paper, we take the growing insights that arise from the study of the biology of attachment to frame the emerging policy choices underlying the governance of adult relationships. We have chosen to focus on the idea of commitment because we see two developments operating in tandem: the biological understanding of attachment has been expanding exponentially at a time of reexamination of the importance of long-term family stability. We believe that putting the two together--integrating biological understandings with sociology - will lead to the conclusions that the tendency to form pair-bonds is a deeply ingrained part of the species, lifelong fidelity cannot be expected on a widespread basis absent substantial coercion, and long term partnership is a "compromise that children win." These conclusions, however, will always leave some questions unanswered so that they can do no more than frame the unfolding policy debates. The question of what policy choices work - and at what price - can never be answered by biology alone. A better understanding of the new scientific insights underscores the conclusion that the determination of what is "natural" produces complex and varied answers, and the most natural of human tendencies is the desire to reorder human society. Accordingly, in light of the developing understandings of human pair-bonds from both the biological and sociological perspectives, we suggest various strategies that support long-term commitment between adults. 3.3% topic match

3.0%

2.5

2022

[97] Why and How Did Narrative Fictions Evolve? Fictions as Entertainment Technologies Edgar Dubourg and N. Baumard Frontiers in Psychology 2022 - 7 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 3.0% topic match

3.0%

0.0

2020

[98] Love, the Reason We Live: Romantic Love on the Human Body and Mind Katrina Iris Osorio Bansigan https://doi.org/10.26153/TSW/8236 2020 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite 3.0% topic match

2.8%

14.1

2018

[99] Understanding cooperation through fitness interdependence A. Aktipis, ..., and P. Winfrey Nature Human Behaviour 2018 - 91 citations - Show abstract - Cite 2.8% topic match

2.7%

0.1

2011

[100] Wolves and Monogamy S. Neely Current Anthropology 2011 - 1 citations - Show abstract - Cite Abstract: In her recent article, Pat Shipman asserts that it is human involvement with and control over animals that has driven key factors in human evolution, such as tool making and language (Shipman 2010). There may be an additional factor. Male and female monogamy has been and is the dominant form of marriage among human beings. Among most individuals and cultures, it is the most common form of marriage, and even in societies allowing other forms of marriage, monogamy is the most common form. By contrast to this ideal, real human behavior is fairly promiscuous, as is the behavior of the close relatives of human beings, chimpanzees and bonobos. The origin of marriage has been a topic of interest to the earliest anthropologists as well as to contemporary anthropologists, at least as “pair-bonding.” C. Owen Lovejoy (White et al. 2009), for example, suggests that male provisioning of a particular female through pairbonding may have led to bipedalism among Ardipithecus species and their descendents. Pair-bonding, despite all its advantages, does not seem to have led to a “monogamy gene” as such. With the ability of humans to attach symbolic meanings, however, pair-bonding can be elevated to monogamy. Human beings’ abilities to attach intense symbolic meanings to things and behavior, however, are often inspired and sustained by strongly meaningful circumstances that affect survival. Such may be the case with monogamy. Dogs were domesticated tens of thousands of years before any plant or other animal was domesticated. In the hunt, as human companions, dogs compensated for humans’ lack of speed, sense of smell, sense of hearing, and tearing teeth and claws. The transition of some wolves into dogs must have had a profound effect on human survival. At the center of wolf pack social organization is the pair-bond of a dominant male and female who are the only breeding individuals in the pack. It would have been easy for humans to attribute part of dogs’ mystique to their “monogamy” and to seek that power by imitating the pair-bond of wolves. 2.7% topic match

2.7%

None

[101] Evolutionary Theory and Education W. Graziano, ..., and D. Kenrick Journal Not Provided None - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite 2.7% topic match

2.6%

1.9

2010

[102] Mate attraction, retention and expulsion. Emily J. Miner and T. Shackelford Psicothema 2010 - 26 citations - Show abstract - Cite 2.6% topic match

2.6%

31.2

2016

[103] Neural mechanisms of mother–infant bonding and pair bonding: Similarities, differences, and broader implications M. Numan and L. Young Hormones and Behavior 2016 - 277 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 2.6% topic match

2.5%

0.2

2006

[104] A Behavioral Systems Perspective M. Mikulincer Journal Not Provided 2006 - 4 citations - Show abstract - Cite 2.5% topic match

2.2%

5.8

2010

[105] Sex Differences in Attachment Emerge in Middle Childhood: An Evolutionary Hypothesis M. D. Giudice and J. Belsky Child Development Perspectives 2010 - 83 citations - Show abstract - Cite 2.2% topic match

2.2%

3.5

1988

[106] Love acts: The evolutionary biology of love. D. Buss Journal Not Provided 1988 - 129 citations - Show abstract - Cite 2.2% topic match

2.1%

0.3

2021

[107] Evolution, Biology, and Attraction Norman P. Li, ..., and Bryan K C Choy Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology 2021 - 1 citations - Show abstract - Cite Abstract: Mating and reproduction are central to natural selection, and decisions associated with one’s choice of mate can have significant fitness consequences. From an evolutionary perspective, attraction functions to direct one’s attention and energy toward pursuing, mating with, and retaining individuals who display traits that contribute to greater survival and reproductive success. Humans are theorized to possess a suite of psychological mechanisms that facilitate the identification of such individuals. One trait that humans have potentially evolved to be attracted to is genetic dissimilarity or diversity in the major histocompatibility complex, which is argued to promote greater immunocompetence and pathogen resistance and, hence, health in one’s mate and putative offspring. Another trait is bilateral symmetry, which is theorized to function as a cue to a potential mate’s genetic quality and ability to withstand developmental stressors. Yet another trait is sexual dimorphism. Women are theorized to be attracted to masculinity in men, which is theorized to function as a reliable signal of underlying genetic quality. In contrast, men are theorized to be attracted to femininity in women, which is argued to signal their reproductive viability. Importantly, evolutionary perspectives propose that many attraction mechanisms evolved to adaptively adjust to local conditions. Thus, when faced with high pathogen prevalence, people have heightened preferences for symmetry, which indicates having good genes and thus, greater ability to withstand disease. As another example, when potential mates of the other sex are in relative abundance, people tend to be more selective in their mate choice and exaggerate their preferences for other-sex mates with sex-typical traits. Additionally, near peak fertility, women may have evolved to increase their preferences for masculinity in men, which signals underlying genetic quality. In addition to having psychological mechanisms that facilitate the identification of potential mates, humans may have also evolved psychological mechanisms that adaptively increase the motivation to allocate attention and energy toward pursuing viable mates that have been identified. Both sets of psychological mechanisms are necessary to successful mate selection, and likely operate in tandem. In this regard, dopamine may be centrally involved in driving behaviors associated with attraction and mate pursuit. Finally, recent studies have shown that the evidence for some of the hypothesized attraction preferences is not conclusive; future scholarship will profit from more careful research design and robust methodology. 2.1% topic match

2.1%

2.0

2020

[108] Did Prosociality Drive the Evolution of Homosexuality? S. Luoto Archives of Sexual Behavior 2020 - 9 citations - Show abstract - Cite 2.1% topic match

2.1%

0.0

2023

[109] Male parental care in insects Balaji B. N. and Sunil Kumaraswamy Insect Environment 2023 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 2.1% topic match

2.0%

5.1

2014

[110] Social Role Specialization Promotes Cooperation between Parents Z. Barta, ..., and Freya Harrison The American Naturalist 2014 - 54 citations - Show abstract - Cite 2.0% topic match

2.0%

0.0

2023

[111] Love Culturally: How Does Culture Affect Intimacy, Commitment & Love A. Rokach The Journal of Psychology 2023 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite 2.0% topic match

1.8%

8.7

2004

[112] Biological Aspects of Social Bonding and the Roots of Human Violence C. Pedersen Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2004 - 174 citations - Show abstract - Cite Abstract: Abstract: The brain systems that motivate humans to form emotional bonds with others probably first evolved to mobilize the high‐quality maternal care necessary for reproductive success in placental mammals. In these species, the helplessness of infants at birth and their dependence upon nutrition secreted from their mothers' bodies (milk) and parental body heat to stay warm required the evolution of a new motivational system in the brain to stimulate avid and sustained mothering behavior. Other types of social bonds that emerged subsequently in placental mammals, in particular monogamous bonds between breeding pairs, appear to have evolved from motivational brain systems that stimulate maternal behavior. This chapter focuses on aspects of the evolution and neurobiology of maternal and pair bonding and associated behavioral changes that may provide insights into the origins of human violence. The roles of the neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin as well as the neurotransmitter dopamine will be emphasized. Maternal and pair bonding are accompanied by increased aggressiveness toward perceived threats to the object of attachment as well as diminished fear and anxiety in stressful situations. The sustained closeness with mother required for the survival of infant mammals opened a new evolutionary niche in which aspects of the mother's care became increasingly important in regulating development in offspring. The quantity and quality of maternal care received during infancy determines adult social competence, ability to cope with stress, aggressiveness, and even preference for addictive substances. Indeed, the development of neurochemical systems within the brain that regulate mothering, aggression, and other types of social behavior, such as the oxytocin and vasopressin systems, are strongly affected by parental nurturing received during infancy. Evidence will be reviewed that the neural circuitry and neurochemistry implicated in studies of lower mammals also facilitate primate/human interpersonal bonding. It is hypothesized that neural bonding systems may also be important for the development in individuals of loyalty to the social group and its culture. Neglect and abuse during early life may cause bonding systems to develop abnormally and compromise capacity for rewarding interpersonal relationships and commitment to societal and cultural values later in life. Other means of stimulating reward pathways in the brain, such as drugs, sex, aggression, and intimidating others, could become relatively more attractive and less constrained by concern about violating trusting relationships. The ability to modify behavior based on negative experiences may be impaired. Unmet needs for social bonding and acceptance early in life might increase the emotional allure of groups (gangs, sects) with violent and authoritarian values and leadership. Social neurobiology has the potential to provide new strategies for treating and preventing violence and associated social dysfunction. 1.8% topic match

1.8%

7.8

2017

[113] Titi Monkeys as a Novel Non-Human Primate Model for the Neurobiology of Pair Bonding  K. Bales, ..., and Emily C. Wright The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 2017 - 57 citations - Show abstract - Cite 1.8% topic match

1.8%

6.3

1992

[114] Intimacy, Passion and Commitment in Adult Romantic Relationships: A Test of the Triangular Theory of Love M. Acker and Mark H. Davis Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 1992 - 208 citations - Show abstract - Cite 1.8% topic match

1.6%

0.1

2017

[115] Biochemistry of Love S. Porges Journal Not Provided 2017 - 1 citations - Show abstract - Cite 1.6% topic match

1.5%

1.7

2001

[116] Evolution and relationships: A call for integration. J. Simpson and S. Gangestad Personal Relationships 2001 - 40 citations - Show abstract - Cite 1.5% topic match

1.5%

0.0

2023

[117] Emotion Regulation and Sexual Functioning in a Dyad: A Comprehensive Literature Review Joana Viana-Sousa, ..., and Valéria Sousa-Gomes Sexuality Research and Social Policy 2023 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite 1.5% topic match

1.4%

1.1

2015

[118] When Love Dies: Further Elucidating the Existence of a Mate Ejection Module B. Boutwell, ..., and Kevin M. Beaver Review of General Psychology 2015 - 11 citations - Show abstract - Cite 1.4% topic match

1.4%

6.0

2016

[119] Rethinking Attachment Theory T. Ein-Dor and Gilad Hirschberger Current Directions in Psychological Science 2016 - 50 citations - Show abstract - Cite 1.4% topic match

1.3%

0.0

2016

[120] Prediction of commitment and persistence in heterosexual involvements according to the styles of loving using a datamining technique Park， Yoon-Joo https://doi.org/10.13088/JIIS.2016.22.4.069 2016 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF Abstract: Successful relationship with loving partners is one of the most important factors in life. In psychology, there have been some previous researches studying the factors influencing romantic relationships. However, most of these researches were performed based on statistical analysis; thus they have limitations in analyzing complex non-linear relationships or rules based reasoning. This research analyzes commitment and persistence in heterosexual involvement according to styles of loving using a datamining technique as well as statistical methods. In this research, we consider six different styles of loving - 'eros', 'ludus', 'stroge', 'pragma', 'mania' and 'agape' which influence romantic relationships between lovers, besides the factors suggested by the previous researches. These six types of love are defined by Lee (1977) as follows: 'eros' is romantic, passionate love; 'ludus' is a game-playing or uncommitted love; 'storge' is a slow developing, friendship-based love; 'pragma' is a pragmatic, practical, mutually beneficial relationship; 'mania' is an obsessive or possessive love and, lastly, 'agape' is a gentle, caring, giving type of love, brotherly love, not concerned with the self. In order to do this research, data from 105 heterosexual couples were collected. Using the data, a linear regression method was first performed to find out the important factors associated with a commitment to partners. The result shows that 'satisfaction', 'eros' and 'agape' are significant factors associated with the commitment level for both male and female. Interestingly, in male cases, 'agape' has a greater effect on commitment than 'eros'. On the other hand, in female cases, 'eros' is a more significant factor than a high satisfaction level in relationship show a high commitment level. However, even though a male may not have a high satisfaction level, if he has made a lot of financial or mental investment in relationship, and his partner shows him a certain amount of 'agape', then he also shows a high commitment level to the female. In the case of female, a women having a high 'eros' and 'satisfaction' level shows a high commitment level. Otherwise, even though a female may not have a high satisfaction level, if her partner shows a certain amount of 'mania' then the female also shows a high commitment level. Finally, this research built a prediction model to establish whether the relationship will persist or break up using a decision tree. The result shows that the most important factor influencing to the break up is a 'narcissistic tendency' of the male. In addition to that, 'satisfaction', 'investment' and 'mania' of both male and female also affect a break up. Interestingly, while the 'mania' level of a male works positively to maintain the relationship, that of a female has a negative influence. The contribution of this research is adopting a new technique of analysis using a datamining method for psychology. In addition, the results of this research can provide useful advice to couples for building a harmonious relationship with each other. This research has several limitations. First, the experimental data was sampled based on oversampling technique to balance the size of each classes. Thus, it has a limitation of evaluating performances of the predictive models objectively. Second, the result data, whether the relationship persists of not, was collected relatively in short periods - 6 months after the initial data collection. Lastly, most of the respondents of the survey is in their 20's. In order to get more general results, we would like to extend this research to general populations. 1.3% topic match

1.3%

0.9

2021

[121] Partner choice and partner markets J. Bavel Research Handbook on the Sociology of the Family 2021 - 3 citations - Show abstract - Cite Abstract: Partner choice represents a crucial stage in the process of family formation, and plays a key role in the reproduction of socio-economic and cultural inequality, in the development of kinship bonds, and in the enactment of gender. Given its intricate links with broader societal shifts, partner choice represents a particularly exciting area of study, not just for family sociology and demography, but for sociology in general. The term ‘partner choice’ is used interchangeably with the terms ‘mate choice’ and choice of a ‘romantic partner’ (Lewis 2016; Schwartz 2013). The adjective ‘romantic’ connotes that the partner is chosen based on passionate mutual affection. While cross-cultural studies have suggested that passionate or romantic love is likely to be a human universal (Fisher et al. 2006; Jankowiak and Fischer 1992), it appears that romantic love did not become a normatively expected basis for marriage until the nineteenth century, particularly in Western societies (Coontz 2005; De Munck et al. 2016). This review, like most work in sociology and family demography, focuses on long-term partnerships that may lead to household formation and, potentially, to joint childrearing, rather than on short-term sexual relationships without any commitment. Partner choice encompasses situations in which partners are still living apart, living in unmarried cohabitation, or living together as married spouses. While the main focus of this chapter is on heterosexual relationships, same-sex partner choice is an emerging issue that is discussed in the final part of this chapter (see also Evertsson et al. in this volume). Moreover, the analysis focuses on partnerships that are expected to be monogamous at a given point in time. Polygamy (the practice of having multiple spouses at the same time), either in the form of polygyny (a man having more than one wife) or polyandry (a woman having more than one husband), is not discussed. There is considerable evidence that assortative mating is pervasive (Lichter and Qian 2019; Schwartz 2013). This concept denotes the fact that matches do not occur at random, as partners are sorted based on sharing a number of traits. The concept of endogamy refers to the tendency of people to select a partner within their own social group, while exogamy refers to choosing a partner outside of one’s own group (also called intermarriage; e.g., between religious groups). The distinction between endogamous and exogamous unions is used to indicate differences or similarities in qualitative group characteristics such as geographic origin, religious denomination, or ethnic background. Alternatively, the concept of homogamy refers to the tendency of people to choose a partner who has status characteristics close to their own that can be ordered or quantified, such as income, educational attainment, or socio-economic status. The unions of partners who are far apart in terms of such characteristics are called heterogamous. When an individual has a partner with higher status (‘partnering up’), the concept of hypergamy is used; whereas when an individual has a partner with lower status (‘partnering down’), the concept of hypogamy is applied. When qualifying unions, the wife is often used as a reference person: i.e., when the female partner has partnered up, the union is called hyperga- 1.3% topic match

1.3%

0.4

2015

[122] Fooled around and fell in love: The role of sex in adult romantic attachment formation. Vivian Zayas, ..., and C. Hazan Journal Not Provided 2015 - 4 citations - Show abstract - Cite 1.3% topic match

1.3%

38.9

2000

[123] The neural basis of romantic love A. Bartels and S. Zeki NeuroReport 2000 - 935 citations - Show abstract - Cite 1.3% topic match

1.2%

4.9

2013

[124] The biochemistry of love: an oxytocin hypothesis C. Carter and S. Porges EMBO reports 2013 - 59 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 1.2% topic match

1.1%

6.9

2023

[125] Validation of the Short Version (TLS-15) of the Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45) across 37 Languages M. Kowal, ..., and Robert J. Sternberg Archives of Sexual Behavior 2023 - 8 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 1.1% topic match

1.1%

0.2

2012

[126] LESSONS FROM BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE FOR THE NEUROSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION OF LOVE Clinical Neuropsychiatry, ..., and S. Clark Journal Not Provided 2012 - 3 citations - Show abstract - Cite 1.1% topic match

1.1%

1.8

2009

[127] Love and Attachment: The Psychobiology of Social Bonding Dan J Stein and B. Vythilingum CNS Spectrums 2009 - 28 citations - Show abstract - Cite 1.1% topic match

1.0%

22.0

1970

[128] Measurement of romantic love. Z. Rubin Journal of personality and social psychology 1970 - 1194 citations - Show abstract - Cite Abstract: This study reports Ihc initial results of an attempt to introduce and validate a social-psychological construct oi" romantic love. Starting with the assumption that love is an interpersonal attitude, an internally consistent papcr-and-pencil love scale was developed. The conception of romantic love included three components: affiliative and dependent need, a predisposition to help, and an orientation of exclusiveness and absorption. Love-scale scores were only moderately correlated with scores on a parallel scale of "liking," which reflected a more traditional conception of interpersonal attraction. The validity of the love scale was assessed in a questionnaire study and a laboratory experiment. On the basis of the emerging conception of love, it was predicted that college dating couples who loved each other a great deal (as categorized by their love-scale scores) would spend more time gazing into one another's eyes than would couples who loved each other to a lesser degree. The prediction was confirmed. Love is generally regarded to be the deepest and most meaningful of sentiments. It has occupied a preeminent position in the art and literature of every age, and it is presumably experienced, at least occasionally, by the vast majority of people. In Western culture, moreover, the association between love and marriage gives it a unique status as a link between the individual and the structure of society. In view of these considerations, it is surprising to discover that social psychologists have devoted virtually no attention to love. Although interpersonal attraction has been a major focus of social-psycho logical theory and research, workers in this area have not attempted to conceptualize love as an independent entity. For Heider (1958), for example, "loving" is merely intense liking— there is no discussion of possible qualitative 1 This report is based on a doctoral dissertation submitted to the University of Michigan. The research was supported by a prccloctoral fellowship from the National Institute of Mental Health and by a grant-in-aid from the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues. The author is grateful to Theodore M. Ncwcomb, chairman of the dissertation committee, for his invaluable guidance and support. Mitchell Baris, Cheryl Eisenman, Linda Muller, Judy Newman, Marlyn Rame, Stuart Katz, Edward Krupat, and Phillip Shaver served as observers in the experiment, and Mr. Shaver also helped design and assemble the equipment. 2 Requests for reprints should be sent to the author, Department of Social Relations, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138. 1.0% topic match

0.9%

9.5

2020

[129] Oxytocin, Dopamine, and Opioid Interactions Underlying Pair Bonding: Highlighting a Potential Role for Microglia Meredith K. Loth and Zoe R. Donaldson Endocrinology 2020 - 38 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.9% topic match

0.9%

1.4

2015

[130] Evolution and ClosE REl ationships Vladas Griskevicius, ..., and J. Ackerman https://doi.org/10.1037/14344-001 2015 - 14 citations - Show abstract - Cite Abstract: Throughout history, humans have faced critical challenges that included finding a mate, keeping that mate, caring for kin, forming coalitions, and gaining some status. Solving each of these ancestral challenges involved forming a different type of social relationship. An evolutionary perspective suggests that there is a set of fundamentally different types of close relationships associated with different evolutionary challenges. These types include (a) mate attraction (e.g., dating couples), (b) mate retention (e.g., married couples), (c) kin care (e.g., family members), (d) coalition formation (e.g., friends), and (e) status (e.g., workplace relationships). Each type of ancestral challenge is associated with different kinds of evolutionary opportunities and costs, suggesting that different types of relationships may be governed by a different relationship-specific psychology. In this chapter, we review the principles of evolutionary psychology and their implications for close relationships. Although some animals spend most of their lives as hermits, humans have always lived in groups. The human brain has evolved for social relationships (Kenrick, Griskevicius, Neuberg, & Schaller, 2010; Kenrick, Neuberg, & White, in press). But although people are born ready to love and relate to other people, relationships differ in several important ways. For example, the words I love you can be spoken by a parent to a newborn baby, by a young man to a woman he met yesterday at a beach resort in Mexico, and by a heterosexual woman to her best female friend. Yet parental love is not the same as romantic love, which is still different from platonic love between friends. In this chapter, we consider social relationships from an evolutionary perspective. This perspective contends that, throughout history, humans have faced a set of core ancestral challenges, which include attracting a mate, keeping that mate, caring for kin, forming coalitions, and attaining status. An evolutionary perspective suggests that each type of challenge can be solved by forming different types of relationships. These relationship types include (a) dating couples, (b) married couples, (c) family members, (d) friends, and (e) coworkers (see Table 1.1). Each type of relationship is associated with different kinds of evolutionary opportunities and costs, meaning that people need different things from different types of intimate others and must provide different things to those intimate others. These needs and provisions vary systematically depending on the type of relationship. In this chapter, we first briefly review what it means to take an evolutionary perspective, reviewing some foundational principles. We then discuss each of the five types of relationships, reviewing relevant theory and findings. Finally, we discuss emerging themes and future directions in the study of social relationships from an evolutionary perspective. 0.9% topic match

0.8%

1.5

2009

[131] Temporal Changes in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Activation of Heterosexual Couples for Visual Stimuli of Loved Partners Won Kim, ..., and J. Chae Psychiatry Investigation 2009 - 24 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.8% topic match

0.8%

0.0

2013

[132] Teorias Sobre o Amor no Campo da Teorías Sobre, ..., and Annor da Silva Júnior Journal Not Provided 2013 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.8% topic match

0.8%

0.0

2024

[133] Sexuality and Morality: How Sexual Experiences Affect Self-Humanity Perceptions G. Pica, ..., and Stefano Pagliaro Basic and Applied Social Psychology 2024 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.8% topic match

0.7%

2.9

2013

[134] Biparental Care in Insects: Paternal Care, Life History, and the Function of the Nest Seizi Suzuki Journal of Insect Science 2013 - 32 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.7% topic match

0.7%

0.0

2024

[135] Exploring Aromanticism Through an Online Qualitative Investigation With the Aromantic Community: “Freeing, Alienating, and Utterly Fantastic” James A. Fowler, ..., and Judith A. Dean International Journal of Sexual Health 2024 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.7% topic match

0.7%

4.6

2022

[136] Neuroimaging of human and non-human animal emotion and affect in the context of social relationships P. Zablocki-Thomas, ..., and K. Bales Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 2022 - 10 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.7% topic match

0.7%

34.4

1990

[137] Passions Within Reason: The Strategic Role of the Emotions. M. Schlossberg https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.26-4535 1990 - 1203 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.7% topic match

0.6%

6.8

2022

[138] The cultural evolution of love in literary history N. Baumard, ..., and L. Safra Nature Human Behaviour 2022 - 19 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.6% topic match

0.6%

11.4

1998

[139] Mate choice turns cognitive G. Miller and P. Todd Trends in Cognitive Sciences 1998 - 305 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.6% topic match

0.5%

1.8

2015

[140] Why may allopregnanolone help alleviate loneliness? S. Cacioppo and J. Cacioppo Medical hypotheses 2015 - 16 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.5% topic match

0.5%

6.4

2013

[141] Monogamy with a purpose F. D. de Waal and S. Gavrilets Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2013 - 72 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.5% topic match

0.5%

0.8

2021

[143] Are there really so many moral emotions? Carving morality at its functional joints L. Fitouchi, ..., and N. Baumard https://doi.org/10.31234/OSF.IO/2PHZT 2021 - 3 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.5% topic match

0.5%

17.8

2014

[144] The Suffocation of Marriage: Climbing Mount Maslow Without Enough Oxygen E. Finkel, ..., and Grace M Larson Psychological Inquiry 2014 - 195 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.5% topic match

0.5%

5.1

2008

[145] Love, desire, and the suppression of thoughts of romantic alternatives ☆ Gian C. Gonzaga, ..., and Joshua C. Poore Evolution and Human Behavior 2008 - 85 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.5% topic match

0.4%

0.1

2010

[146] Although It Helps, Love Is Not All You Need: How Caryl Rusbult Made Me Discover What Relationships Are All About C. Finkenauer Personal Relationships 2010 - 1 citations - Show abstract - Cite Abstract: Caryl Rusbult was a distinguished and charismatic researcher in a large variety of areas regarding interpersonal relationships. When Caryl explained how she got to become interested in long-term relationships, she used to tell a story about a cross-country drive from California to North Carolina about 35 years ago. When they crossed the California–Arizona border one of her traveling companions asked Caryl “Why do people stick with their partners?” Over the next two days, Caryl told her friend what research on interpersonal relationships had revealed until then. She told him about research on affiliation; mere exposure; physical proximity; the role of similarity in the formation of relationships; research on physical attraction, including the matching phenomenon and physical beauty; and first impressions. By the time they reached Oklahoma, her friend noticed that she had told him a whole lot about relationships, but that she had not answered his question. She had explained why people form relationships and why they like or love their partners, but she had not explained why people stick to their partners. She then realized that research on relationships at that time failed to paint a dynamic and social picture of (long-lasting) relationships. Rather, it was based almost exclusively on experimental research, was oriented primarily toward studying first impressions between strangers, and focused on the study of positive affect (e.g., attraction, liking, satisfaction). The question of her insisting travel companion made Caryl realize that focusing on positive affect is not enough to explain why people stick with their partners. After all, relationship satisfaction fluctuates over time, relationships may go through extended down times (e.g., unemployment, illness), and relationship satisfaction shows a reliable downward trend. Caryl was motivated not only by scientific excellence but also by a deeply rooted passion to truly understand what relationships are all about. To answer the question why people stick with their partners, Caryl recognized that relationships comprise not only an individual and his or her partner but also the greater context, including the individual’s past (relationship) experiences, future goals, hopes, and expectations, and current situation (e.g., children, employment). Not being intimidated by the complexity of the topic, Caryl developed the investment model of commitment (e.g., Rusbult, 1980, 1983). She recognized that interpersonal dependence (Kelley & Thibaut, 1978) is one of the major determinants of commitment. In Caryl’s theorizing, commitment is a key variable in sustaining relationships, a variable that embodies people’s history of interdependence, guides present behavior, and shapes people’s goals for future behavior (Rusbult, 1983). The investment model transformed relationship science by distinguishing commitment from positive affect (i.e., satisfaction). 0.4% topic match

0.4%

None

[147] The Origin of Man C. Benham Nature None - 476 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.4% topic match

0.4%

1.0

2021

[148] LUST, ROMANCE, ATTACHMENT: DO THE SIDE EFFECTS OF SEROTONIN-ENHANCING ANTIDEPRESSANTS JEOPARDIZE ROMANTIC LOVE, MARRIAGE AND FERTILITY? Helen E. Fisher and J. Thomson Journal Not Provided 2021 - 4 citations - Show abstract - Cite Abstract: Today millions of people take serotonin-enhancing antidepressants. These medications cause emotional blunting and dysfunction in sexual desire, arousal and orgasm in both men and women. We propose that these antidepressants have other side effects, due to their impact on several related neural mechanisms. Homo sapiens has evolved three distinct brain systems for courtship, reproduction and parenting. The sex drive evolved to motivate men and women to initiate sexual contact with a range of partners; romantic love evolved to motivate them to focus their courtship energy on specific individuals, thereby conserving mating time and energy; partner attachment evolved to motivate our forebears to maintain a stable mateship long enough to rear a child through infancy together. Studies using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) indicate that romantic love is associated with dopaminergic pathways in the brain’s reward system, pathways that are suppressed by elevated central serotonin. Hence we hypothesize that serotonin-enhancing antidepressants can jeopardize one’s ability to fall in love. Due to their impact on the sex drive, these medications can also jeopardize other brain/body mechanisms that enhance mate assessment, mate choice, pair formation and partner attachment. This paper discusses the biological relationships between the sex drive, romantic love and attachment, as well as other evolved reproductive mechanisms, to illustrate how serotonin-enhancing antidepressants can jeopardize feelings of romance, attachment and fertility. LUST, ROMANCE, ATTACHMENT: DO THE SIDE EFFECTS OF SEROTONINENHANCING ANTIDEPRESSANTS JEOPARDIZE ROMANTIC LOVE, MARRIAGE AND FERTILITY? Helen Fisher and J. Anderson Thomson, Jr. Helen Fisher, Anthropologist Dept. Anthropology, Rutgers University J. Anderson Thomson, psychiatrist Counseling and Psychological Services, Department of Student Health, University of Virginia Corresponding Author: Helen E. Fisher Office: 4 East 70th Street New York City, NY 10021 Today millions of people of reproductive age take selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and other serotonin enhancing antidepressants. Approximately 80% of these drugs are prescribed by non-psychiatric physicians, including internists, general practitioners, pediatricians and gynecologists who disseminate them to a wide array of men and women. In the first five months of 2004, American doctors wrote 46 million prescriptions for antidepressants, largely for these drugs (Morais 2004). In the United States alone, antidepressants account for $14 billion a year in wholesale revenues (Morais 2004). These medications effectively treat a wide range of serious conditions, including major depression, post traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorders, panic disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, social phobias, eating disorders, Asperger's syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome and chronic pain syndromes. But they also produce various side-effects. It is well established that in both men and women these antidepressants can cause emotional blunting, weight gain and several types of sexual dysfunction, interfering with sexual desire, sexual arousal, genital sensation, lubrication, erection, ejaculation and orgasm (Rosen et al 1999; Montejo et al 2001). The number of men and women affected by these forms of sexual dysfunction vary; some studies report that as many as 73% of patients taking serotoninenhancing antidepressants suffer one or more of these sexual side effects (Montejo et al 2001). We propose that serotonin-enhancing antidepressants can have far more serious psychological, social and genetic consequences, however, due to their effects on several other neural mechanisms that evolved to enable mate assessment, mate choice, mate pursuit, feelings of romantic love and expressions of attachment to a long term partner. This paper discusses the neural correlates of the three primary brain systems for courtship, mating, pair formation and reproduction: 1) the sex drive; 2) romantic love; and 3) male/female attachment (companionate love). It explores the neurochemical relationships between these three neural systems to show how serotonin-enhancing antidepressants can potentially jeopardize the ability to fall in love and maintain a stable, long-term partnership. It discusses the potential effects of long-term useof serotonin-enhancing medications on other brain/body mechanisms that evolved to foster courtship and pairbond stability, including penile erection and female orgasm. Last, it illustrates how serotonin-enhancing antidepressants can adversely affect fertility and one’s genetic future. Three neural systems for mating and reproduction Neuroscientists currently believe that the basic human emotions and motivations arise from distinct systems of neural activity; that these brain systems derive from mammalian precursors; and that these brain mechanisms evolved to enable survival and reproduction (Davidson 1994; Panksepp 1998). Among these primary neural systems are three discrete, interrelated motivation/emotion systems for mating, reproduction and parenting: the sex drive, romantic love and male/female attachment. Each of these motivation/emotion systems is associated with a different behavioral repertoire; each is associated with a different and dynamic constellation of neural correlates; and each evolved to direct a different aspect of reproduction (Fisher 1998). The sex drive is characterized by the craving for sexual gratification. It is associated primarily with the estrogens and androgens in non-primate mammalian species. In humans and other higher primates the estrogens have little direct influence on sexual desire (Meston and Frolich 2000); instead the androgens, particularly testosterone, is crucial to sexual desire in both sexes (Edwards and Booth 1994; Sherman 1994; Van Goozen et al 1997). The sex drive evolved principally to motivate individuals to seek sexual union with a range of reproductive partners. Romantic love (also known as obsessive love, passionate love or being in love) is characterized by intense energy, focused courtship attention, ecstasy, mood swings, sexual possessiveness, emotional dependency, obsessive thinking about the beloved, craving for emotional union with the beloved and intense motivation to win this preferred mating partner (Fisher 1998; Gonzaga et al. 2001; Harris 1995; Hatfield et al. 1988; Hatfield and Sprecher 1986; Shaver et al. 1987; Tennov 1979). Evidence suggests that romantic love is primarily associated with elevated activity in dopaminergic pathways of the reward system of the brain (Aron et al,2005; Bartels and Zeki 2000; Bartels and Zeki 2004); and data suggest that other mammals share central biological and behavioral aspects of this brain system (Gingrich et al., 2000; Wang et al., 1999; Liu and Wang 2003; Fabre-Nys et al 1997). The neural system associated with romantic love evolved to motivate individuals to prefer a specific mating partner, thereby conserving courtship time and energy. Partner attachment in humans is associated with feelings of calm, security, social comfort and emotional union with a long-term mating partner, as well as with some of the traits of mammalian attachment, including mutual territory defense and/or nest/home building, mutual feeding and grooming, maintenance of close proximity, separation anxiety, shared parental chores and affiliative gestures (Carter et al., 1997, Young, Wang, & Insel, 1998; Lim, Murphy, & Young, 2004; Lim and Young 2004). Animal studies suggest that this brain system is associated primarily with the neuropeptides, oxytocin and vasopressin (Carter 1992; Winslow et al 1993; Lim, Murphy & Young 2004; Lim and Young 2004). Adult male/female partner attachment evolved primarily to motivate individuals to sustain an affiliative connection with a reproductive partner at least long enough to complete species-specific parental duties (Fisher 1992). We propose that when patients use serotonin-enhancing antidepressants, they can potentially jeopardize not only their sex drive but also these related neural mechanisms for romantic love and partner attachment. The Sex Drive The androgens, particularly testosterone, is central to sexual desire in both men and women (Edwards and Booth 1994; Sherman 1994; Van Goozen et al 1997). Individuals who have higher circulating levels of testosterone tend to engage in more sexual activity (Edwards and Booth 1994; Sherwin 1994). Male athletes who use testosterone and other anabolic steroids to elevate strength and stamina have more sexual thoughts, more morning erections, more sexual encounters and more orgasms. Middle-aged women who inject or apply testosterone cream to the skin boost sexual desire. The male libido peaks in the early twenties, when the activity of testosterone is highest. Many women feel more sexual desire around ovulation, when testosterone increases (Van Goozen et al 1997). Both sexes also have fewer sexual fantasies, masturbate less regularly and engage in less intercourse as they age, as testosterone declines (Edwards and Booth 1994). People vary in their degree and frequency of sexual desire, in part because levels of testosterone are inherited (Meikle et al 1988). Moreover, the balance between testosterone, estrogen and other bodily systems, as well as social circumstances, childhood experiences and a host of other factors play a role in when, where and how often one feels lust (Nyborg 1994). Nevertheless, testosterone is central to the sex drive. The sex drive is also associated with a specific range of neural correlates. Using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), Arnow and colleagues report that when young male heterosexual subjects look at erotic video material while wearing a custom-built pneumatic pressure cuff around the penis, they show strong activations in the right subinsular region, including the claustrum, the left caudate and putamen, the rig 0.4% topic match

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2.2

2006

[149] Evolutionary developmental psychology: Contributions from comparative research with nonhuman primates D. Maestripieri and James R Roney Developmental Review 2006 - 40 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.4% topic match

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0.0

2023

[150] Genetic and epigenetic effects on couple adjustment in context of romantic relationship: A scoping systematic review Pouria Khani, ..., and M. Modarressi Frontiers in Genetics 2023 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.4% topic match

0.3%

1.5

2018

[153] Fueled by desire: Sexual activation facilitates the enactment of relationship-initiating behaviors G. Birnbaum, ..., and H. Reis Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 2018 - 9 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.3% topic match

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2.5

2016

[154] Being in a Romantic Relationship Is Associated with Reduced Gray Matter Density in Striatum and Increased Subjective Happiness H. Kawamichi, ..., and N. Sadato Frontiers in Psychology 2016 - 20 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF Abstract: Romantic relationship, a widespread feature of human society, is one of the most influential factors in daily life. Although stimuli related to romantic love or being in a romantic relationship commonly result in enhancement of activation or functional connectivity of the reward system, including the striatum, the structure underlying romantic relationship-related regions remain unclear. Because individual experiences can alter gray matter within the adult human brain, we hypothesized that romantic relationship is associated with structural differences in the striatum related to the positive subjective experience of being in a romantic relationship. Because intimate romantic relationships contribute to perceived subjective happiness, this subjective enhancement of happiness might be accompanied by the experience of positive events related to being in a romantic relationship. To test this hypothesis and elucidate the structure involved, we compared subjective happiness, an indirect measure of the existence of positive experiences caused by being in a romantic relationship, of participants with or without romantic partners (N = 68). Furthermore, we also conducted a voxel-based morphometry study of the effects of being in a romantic relationship (N = 113). Being in a romantic relationship was associated with greater subjective happiness and reduced gray matter density within the right dorsal striatum. These results suggest that being in a romantic relationship enhances perceived subjective happiness via positive experiences. Furthermore, the observed reduction in gray matter density in the right dorsal striatum may reflect an increase in saliency of social reward within a romantic relationship. Thus, being in a romantic relationship is associated with positive experiences and a reduction of gray matter density in the right dorsal striatum, representing a modulation of social reward. 0.3% topic match

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0.0

2008

[155] YOUR BRAIN ON LOVE : THE THREE STAGES TO EUPHORIA G. Potts Journal Not Provided 2008 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.3% topic match

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0.0

2013

[156] Effects of Mate Value Difference on Relationship Length and Satisfaction S. DeIuliis Journal Not Provided 2013 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite Abstract: 1 The field of evolutionary psychology emphasizes the specialized psychological mechanisms that are present in humans that developed under the adaptive pressures of evolution faced by our ancestors. One major adaptive pressure that has been studied extensively involves mating and mate selection. Many studies have been performed which identified, and subsequently confirmed, that humans have a preference for certain traits and that these mate preferences are seen across the world, regardless of culture (e. been conducted on ―mate value,‖ the extent to which a person possessed these preferred traits and, consequently, how desirable they are as a mate (e. one determining factor in mate choice because one's options may be broadened or narrowed as a result of one's mate value—highly desirable individuals can afford to be more choosy regarding a potential mate because they are valued highly by many, whereas individuals with low mate value are perceived as having less to offer and will likely have to settle when choosing a mate. Although much is known and has been studied concerning mate preferences and mate value, such as the above studies, research concerning differences in mate value between partners is lacking. The goal of the experiments reported here was to investigate if the difference in mate value of a couple has an effect on the predicted length of their relationship. Evolutionary psychology maintains that in the environment of evolutionary adaptedness (EEA)—the theoretical time period when selection pressures in the environment elicited change in the form of adaptations—our ancestors developed mutations in their DNA, some of which were advantageous. These advantageous mutations benefited those who possessed them and were passed on to their offspring who out-survived those without the beneficial mutations or EFFECTS OF DIFFERENCE IN MATE VALUE 2 those with maladaptive mutations. These changes were able to occur across populations because our ancestors were not nearly as numerous as the world population of today. Due to these ancient mutations which produced differing people—some of whom were better equipped for the challenges of life—and the inability for genes to spread adequately across the large population of the world today, humans still maintain many, if not all, of these same adaptations. While the field of biology deals with the physical implications of these adaptations, not all of these adaptations were physical—the study of evolutionary psychology is concerned with the psychological mechanisms developed during our past. One major selection pressure in the EEA … 0.3% topic match

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62.3

2015

[157] The neuroendocrinology of social isolation. J. Cacioppo, ..., and S. Cole Annual review of psychology 2015 - 621 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.3% topic match

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5.5

2016

[158] Pitfalls reconstructing the last common ancestor of chimpanzees and humans S. Almécija Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2016 - 49 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.3% topic match

0.3%

63.3

2004

[159] The neural correlates of maternal and romantic love A. Bartels and S. Zeki NeuroImage 2004 - 1318 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.3% topic match

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1.1

2017

[160] 12. Evolutionary and Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Love: The Influence of Gender, Personality, and Local Ecology on Emotional Investment in Romantic Relationships D. Schmitt The New Psychology of Love 2017 - 8 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.3% topic match

0.2%

0.0

2021

[161] Egoistic Love of the Nonhuman World? Biology and the Love Paradox Elisa Aaltola Ethics, Policy & Environment 2021 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.2% topic match

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0.0

2014

[162] Fantastic and forgiven: Do long-term relationship motives promote positive illusions and forgiveness toward a romantic partner? Jennifer L. Leo Journal Not Provided 2014 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.2% topic match

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19.8

2011

[164] The brain opioid theory of social attachment: a review of the evidence A. Machin and Robin I. M. Dunbar Behaviour 2011 - 276 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.2% topic match

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1.9

2009

[165] The Texas billionaire's pregnant bride: An evolutionary interpretation of romance fiction titles. Anthony Cox and M. Fisher The Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology 2009 - 28 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.2% topic match

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5.0

2019

[166] Specific maternal brain responses to their own child's face: An fMRI meta-analysis. Paola Rigo, ..., and M. Bornstein Developmental review : DR 2019 - 29 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.2% topic match

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0.8

2021

[167] Timing, Initiators, and Causes of Divorce in a Mayangna/Miskito Community in Nicaragua Jeffrey Winking and Jeremy M. Koster Social Sciences 2021 - 3 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.2% topic match

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0.0

2023

[168] Male–male relationships in chimpanzees and the evolution of human pair bonds Aaron A. Sandel Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues 2023 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.2% topic match

0.2%

2.6

2007

[169] Genetic loading on human loving styles. E. Emanuele, ..., and D. Geroldi Neuro endocrinology letters 2007 - 44 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.2% topic match

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1.3

2008

[170] The Adaptive Rationality of Interpersonal Commitment I. Back and A. Flache Rationality and Society 2008 - 22 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.2% topic match

0.1%

8.8

2009

[172] Sexual Selection and the Origins of Human Mating Systems A. Dixson Journal Not Provided 2009 - 136 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.1% topic match

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14.2

1998

[174] Lust, attraction, and attachment in mammalian reproduction Helen E. Fisher Human Nature 1998 - 382 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.1% topic match

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30.3

1958

[175] The Nature of Love H. Harlow American Psychologist 1958 - 1999 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.1% topic match

0.1%

4.1

2021

[176] We’re Not That Choosy: Emerging Evidence of a Progression Bias in Romantic Relationships Samantha Joel and Geoff Macdonald Personality and Social Psychology Review 2021 - 14 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.1% topic match

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36.6

2018

[177] The neural mechanisms and circuitry of the pair bond H. Walum and L. Young Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2018 - 227 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.1% topic match

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2.2

2021

[178] Sexual Desire Mediates the Relationship-Promoting Effects of Perceived Partner Mate Value G. Birnbaum, ..., and Laura B. Luchies Archives of Sexual Behavior 2021 - 7 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.1% topic match

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4.2

2002

[179] Relationship assessment through emotional mediation F. Aureli and C. Schaffner Behaviour 2002 - 97 citations - Show abstract - Cite Abstract: Social relationship is a concept that links the observable social interactions between group members to the inferred group social system. Social relationships allow animals (as well as the human observers) to predict the actions and responses of their partners and therefore guide their own. Social relationships can also be described as investments that benefit the individuals involved in them. Some benefits simply require stable association and some level of mutual tolerance, whereas others depend on the establishment of more fully developed social relationships. The variation in the quality of social relationships leads to a great flexibility in the frequency and quality of interaction with various group members and with the same individual over time. A key issue is therefore to understand the proximate mechanisms underlying such flexibility since individuals need to be able to assess relationship quality in order to maximise the benefits that social relationships provide. Assessment of social relationships should be based on the information contained in the various interactions that the partners exchange. Assessment should therefore require bookkeeping of the various interactions, computation of their relative frequencies, and conversion of their quality and information associated with them into common currencies. We propose emotional mediation as a possible mechanism that fulfils such requirements and provides the individual with a timely assessment to guide its social decision. Emotions are viewed as intervening variables that result from the integration of the information contained in the various interactions between two partners. Before presenting evidence for relationship assessment through emotional mediation, we define the concept of emotion in animals and provide evidence for measuring relevant emotions in non-human primates. Then, we present four examples obtained by combining findings from multiple studies. The examples provide evidence for emotion resulting from information contained in the interactions exchanged by the partners and for emotional differences being at the basis of the variation in social interactions. Thus, animals may appreciate variation in their social relationships through emotional mediation. This is a promising avenue to disclose the proximate mechanisms of relationship assessment and we suggest new lines of research to gather further evidence for the role of emotional mediation. 0.1% topic match

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41.6

1995

[180] Ache Life History: The Ecology and Demography of a Foraging People K. Hill and A. Hurtado https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.34-0372 1995 - 1206 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.1% topic match

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8.7

1997

[181] Personality, birth order and attachment styles as related to various types of jealousy B. Buunk Personality and Individual Differences 1997 - 236 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.1% topic match

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0.4

2020

[182] The transient joys of others—neural ensembles encode social approach in bonded voles S. Phelps and Morgan L. Gustison Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2020 - 2 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF Abstract: Social bonds are an essential part of the human experience. We bond with our parents, our children, our romantic partners, and our friends; these bonds not only shape our emotional well-being but have profound consequences for our health and longevity (1). Perhaps because these bonds are so profoundly important, we often imagine them to be uniquely human. They are not. Indeed, much of what we know about human bonding has its origins in animal behavior. In the first volume of Attachment and Loss , John Bowlby (2) drew on the ethological work of Konrad Lorenz to formulate attachment theory, a conceptual framework that continues to inform social psychology some 50 y later (3). In subsequent decades, work on the pair-bonding prairie vole has revealed the role of the brain’s reward circuits in bonding (4). A study by Scribner et al. (5) explores how these bonds are manifest in the changing patterns of neural activity within the brain’s reward system, work that promises broad insights into the mechanisms of attachment. Prairie voles are small rodents that live in the greater Midwest, ranging from Saskatchewan to Oklahoma, and from Colorado to West Virginia. In the 1970s, researchers noticed that they often caught specific males and females together in the same traps and suspected that such pairs were bonded mates (6). We now know that the repeated mating of a pair over the course of a day leads to a bond; males and females share a nest, a territory, as well as the care of their young, but this familial commitment does not always translate into sexual fidelity—a pattern of behavior known as “social monogamy” (7⇓–9). Some of our first insights into the neurobiology of attachment came from the realization that the socially monogamous prairie vole differs from its … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: sphelps{at}mail.utexas.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1 0.1% topic match

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40.9

2007

[185] Why Humans Have Sex C. Meston and D. Buss Archives of Sexual Behavior 2007 - 715 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.1% topic match

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0.0

2022

[186] What potential traits do adolescents and early adults look for in mate preferences? Muhammad Rehan Masoom and -Sociology Heliyon 2022 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.1% topic match

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3.8

2001

[187] Warrior Lovers : Erotic Fiction, Evolution and Female Sexuality C. Salmon and D. Symons Journal Not Provided 2001 - 90 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.1% topic match

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0.0

2006

[188] Modular economics: Different bonds = Different investments Jill M. Sundie and D. Kenrick Psychological Inquiry 2006 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite Abstract: Traditional approaches to relationships are based on oversimplified assumptions about self-interest that throw us off-track in the search for an understanding of costly investments such as those parents make in their children. An evolutionary perspective could provide a more reliable compass. We believe, however, that Brown and Brown's (this issue) search for "the" social bond-the common ground that underlies costly rela tionships between parents and children, friends and lov ers-may be sending the epistemological search party in the wrong direction. Instead of hunting for a single place where all the different types of costly relationships intersect, we believe that a better navigational strategy would be to explore the divergent paths traveled by peo ple in different types of close relationships. It may well be that there is some common physio logical (oxytocin-based) system that gets activated in interactions with an attractive date, a dependent child, a close sibling, and a cooperative co-worker. But there is also a common (adrenaline based) physiological sys tem that gets activated in diverse emotions such as an ger, fear, and romantic love, yet that does not mean that all these different states are functionally the same. Rather than focusing on physiological common de nominators, we would argue that the most profitable functional analysis would focus on the very different decision-rules that are called into play in different types of close relationships. In what follows, we first revisit the issue of why classical self-interest models need to be modified in light of evolutionary theory. Following this, we consider some of the key qualitative differences in the decision-rules that govern different types of social relationships. We agree that equity theo ries make assumptions that incorrectly characterize re lationships that involve deep social bonds. But we think Brown and Brown make a mistake by assuming there is one common currency that facilitates exchange in all relationships characterized by costly long-term investments. 0.1% topic match

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0.0

2023

[189] Romantic Love and Behavioral Activation System Sensitivity to a Loved One Adam Bode and Phillip S. Kavanagh Behavioral Sciences 2023 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.0% topic match

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5.5

2020

[191] The evolution of pair-living, sexual monogamy, and cooperative infant care: Insights from research on wild owl monkeys, titis, sakis, and tamarins. E. Fernández‐Duque, ..., and A. Di Fiore American journal of physical anthropology 2020 - 26 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.0% topic match

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0.1

2010

[192] The Origin of Man Behind the Veil of Ignorance: A Psychobiological Approach F. Fellmann Biological Theory 2010 - 2 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.0% topic match

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10.1

2018

[193] Sexual and Emotional Infidelity: Evolved Gender Differences in Jealousy Prove Robust and Replicable D. Buss Perspectives on Psychological Science 2018 - 69 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.0% topic match

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10.4

2013

[194] The Anatomy of Motivation: An Evolutionary-Ecological Approach R. Aunger and V. Curtis Biological Theory 2013 - 122 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.0% topic match

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0.0

2012

[195] Sex differences in mate assessment throughout pair bond formation in a monogamous species, Amatitlania nigrofasciata J. Leese Journal Not Provided 2012 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.0% topic match

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17.9

2011

[196] Reward and motivation systems: A brain mapping study of early‐stage intense romantic love in Chinese participants Xiaomeng Xu, ..., and X. Weng Human Brain Mapping 2011 - 249 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF Abstract: Early‐stage romantic love has been studied previously in the United States and United Kingdom (Aron et al. [ 2005 ]: J Neurophysiol 94:327–337; Bartels and Zeki [ 2000 ]: Neuroreport 11:3829–3834; Ortigue et al. [ 2007 ]: J Cogn Neurosci 19:1218–1230), revealing activation in the reward and motivation systems of the brain. In this study, we asked what systems are activated for early‐stage romantic love in Easterners, specifically Chinese participants? Are these activations affected by individual differences within a cultural context of Traditionality and Modernity? Also, are these brain activations correlated with later satisfaction in the relationship? In Beijing, we used the same procedure used by Aron et al. (Aron et al. [ 2005 ]: J Neurophysiol 94:327–337). The stimuli for 18 Chinese participants were a picture of the face of their beloved, the face of a familiar acquaintance, and a countback task. We found significant activations specific to the beloved in the reward and motivation systems, particularly, the ventral tegmental area and the caudate. The mid‐orbitofrontal cortex and cerebellum were also activated, whereas amygdala, medial orbitofrontal, and medial accumbens activity were decreased relative to the familiar acquaintance. Self‐reported Traditionality and Modernity scores were each positively correlated with activity in the nucleus accumbens, although in different regions and sides of the brain. Activity in the subgenual area and the superior frontal gyrus was associated with higher relationship happiness at 18‐month follow‐up. Our results show that midbrain dopamine‐rich reward/motivation systems were activated by early‐stage romantic love in Chinese participants, as found by other studies. Neural activity was associated with Traditionality and Modernity attitudes as well as with later relationship happiness for Chinese participants. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 0.0% topic match

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12.1

1998

[197] LOVE: AN EMERGENT PROPERTY OF THE MAMMALIAN AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM S. Porges Psychoneuroendocrinology 1998 - 317 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.0% topic match

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0.0

2023

[198] Being Female and in a Romantic Relationship Enhances the Association between Satisfaction with Love Life and Capacity to Love Ãngela Leite, ..., and Sara Ribeiro International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2023 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.0% topic match

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1.6

2014

[199] Attention modulates the dorsal striatum response to love stimuli Sandra J. E. Langeslag, ..., and C. Röder Human Brain Mapping 2014 - 17 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.0% topic match

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29.2

2013

[200] Evolutionary psychology: new perspectives on cognition and motivation. L. Cosmides and J. Tooby Annual review of psychology 2013 - 349 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.0% topic match

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2.8

2020

[201] Neural and molecular mechanisms underlying female mate choice decisions in vertebrates R. DeAngelis and H. Hofmann Journal of Experimental Biology 2020 - 12 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.0% topic match

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0.3

2009

[202] The coevolution of loyalty and cooperation S. V. Segbroeck, ..., and T. Lenaerts 2009 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation 2009 - 5 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.0% topic match

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2.7

1989

[203] Passion Within Reason: The Strategic Role of Emotions W. Waller Journal of Economic Issues 1989 - 94 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.0% topic match

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222.3

1987

[204] Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. C. Hazan and P. Shaver Journal of personality and social psychology 1987 - 8404 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.0% topic match

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3.0

2019

[205] Female Assamese macaques bias their affiliation to paternal and maternal kin Delphine De Moor, ..., and O. Schülke bioRxiv 2019 - 16 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.0% topic match

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1.7

2002

[206] The neural mechanisms of mate choice: a hypothesis. Helen E. Fisher, ..., and L. Brown Neuro endocrinology letters 2002 - 38 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.0% topic match

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2.7

2012

[207] Regional brain activity during early-stage intense romantic love predicted relationship outcomes after 40 months: An fMRI assessment Xiaomeng Xu, ..., and X. Weng Neuroscience Letters 2012 - 33 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.0% topic match

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0.0

2017

[208] Self-Enhancement Processes in Couples Samuel H. Reyna Journal Not Provided 2017 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.0% topic match

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0.5

2016

[209] Demystifying the Neuroscience of Love S. Cacioppo and J. Cacioppo Emotion Review 2016 - 4 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.0% topic match

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20.8

2013

[210] Male infanticide leads to social monogamy in primates Chris Opie, ..., and S. Shultz Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2013 - 237 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.0% topic match

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0.0

2014

[211] Pair Bonding : An Evolutionary Perspective on Intimacy P. David Journal Not Provided 2014 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.0% topic match

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22.5

2006

[212] Conditional expression of women's desires and men's mate guarding across the ovulatory cycle M. Haselton and S. Gangestad Hormones and Behavior 2006 - 422 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.0% topic match

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15.3

2017

[213] The Oxytocin–Vasopressin Pathway in the Context of Love and Fear S. Carter Frontiers in Endocrinology 2017 - 107 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.0% topic match

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1.2

2020

[214] Intimacy in Dyadic Sexually Explicit Media Featuring Men Who Have Sex with Men James David Albert Newton, ..., and Fiona Kate Barlow The Journal of Sex Research 2020 - 5 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.0% topic match

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1.1

2021

[215] Mate value, intrasexual competition and sociosexual desire drive Brazilian women's well-being Anthonieta Looman Mafra, ..., and J. Valentova Evolutionary Human Sciences 2021 - 4 citations - Show abstract - Cite - PDF 0.0% topic match

0.0%

25.7

2019

[216] Attachment in Adulthood: Recent Developments, Emerging Debates, and Future Directions. R. C. Fraley Annual review of psychology 2019 - 153 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.0% topic match

0.0%

0.5

1979

[217] Male-Fenlale Bonding: A Cross-Species Study of Mammals and Birds M. Ember and C. Ember Cross-Cultural Research 1979 - 24 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.0% topic match

0.0%

1.5

2022

[218] Mate evaluation theory. Paul W. Eastwick, ..., and Samantha Joel Psychological review 2022 - 4 citations - Show abstract - Cite Abstract: There are two unresolved puzzles in the literature examining how people evaluate mates (i.e., prospective or current romantic/sexual partners). First, compatibility is theoretically crucial, but attempts to explain why certain perceivers are compatible with certain targets have revealed small effects. Second, features of partners (e.g., personality, consensually rated attributes) affect perceivers' evaluations strongly in initial-attraction contexts but weakly in established relationships. Mate Evaluation Theory (MET) addresses these puzzles, beginning with the Social Relations Model postulate that all evaluative constructs (e.g., attraction, relationship satisfaction) consist of target, perceiver, and relationship variance. MET then explains how people draw evaluations from mates' attributes using four information sources: (a) shared evolved mechanisms and cultural scripts (common lens, which produces target variance); (b) individual differences that affect how a perceiver views all targets (perceiver lens, which produces perceiver variance); (c) individual differences that affect how a perceiver views some targets, depending on the targets' features (feature lens, which produces some relationship variance); and (d) narratives about and idiosyncratic reactions to one particular target (target-specific lens, which produces most relationship variance). These two distinct sources of relationship variance (i.e., feature vs. target-specific) address Puzzle #1: Previous attempts to explain compatibility used feature lens information, but relationship variance likely derives primarily from the (understudied) target-specific lens. MET also addresses Puzzle #2 by suggesting that repeated interaction causes the target-specific lens to expand, which reduces perceivers' use of the common lens. We conclude with new predictions and implications at the intersection of the human-mating and person-perception literatures. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved). 0.0% topic match

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0.2

2007

[219] of Alternative Hypotheses Evolutionary Ecology of Human Pair-Bonds: Cross-Cultural Tests R. Quinlan and Marsha B. Quinlan Journal Not Provided 2007 - 3 citations - Show abstract - Cite 0.0% topic match

0.0%

0.0

2015

[220] Complexity, predictability and promiscuity in human sexual preferences L. P. Harvey Journal Not Provided 2015 - 0 citations - Show abstract - Cite Abstract: Reproductive success (fitness) is the currency for species evolution, and therefore, the establishment of sexual relationships is one of the most fundamental interactions underlying life on Earth. Sexual selection theory aims to explain the strength and implications of sexual bonds as a result of traits that evolve to influence sexual encounters and thus, reproductive success. Humans offer a valuable ‘model’ to understand the nature of sexual behaviour, especially because their preferences can be directly communicated by individual participants, in contrast with non-human animals in which preferences are inferred from behavioural observations. The high social complexity of humans has led to multiple approaches to understand individuals’ attitudes and behaviours within an eco-evolutionary context, particularly with regards to investigating how ‘attractiveness’ traits influence sexual relationships, and how the expression of these traits matches sexual outcomes (i.e., as a proxy for mating success). Although humans traditionally fall between a polygyny and serial monogamy mating system, it remains poorly known how promiscuity is associated with a ubiquitous factor underlying human social/sexual dynamics: ‘love’. This research investigated how promiscuity (measured as numbers of self-reported sexual partners and as the desire to be promiscuous) and simultaneous love (individuals declaring whether they can ‘fall in love’ with more than one person simultaneously) are affected by a number of different traits (gender, age, self-assessed attractiveness, sexual orientation) and interpreted under predictions of sexual selection theory. Using a newly generated dataset, it was quantified how self-assessed attractiveness traits influence the expression of promiscuous desires across participants. The majority (84.5%) of participants displayed a desire for promiscuity. Gender and sexual orientation are the main variables in which there is a relationship in participant’s desires for promiscuity and simultaneous love. Notably, this research revealed that more than half of the individuals in the sample (57.1%) expressed the possibility to love more than one person simultaneously. This finding goes against fundamental norms underlying monogamous sexual relationships in most human societies. Collectively, this thesis provides novel data to further discuss promiscuity in humans. 0.0% topic match

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